−− A key issue in logistics is the efficient management of a vehicle fleet servicing a set of customers with known demands. Every vehicle route must start and finish at the assigned depot, each customer is to be visited by a single vehicle and vehicle capacities must not be exceeded. These are the constraints for the capacitated vehicle routing problem (VRP) whose objective is usually the minim...

Abstract Motivated by express and e-commerce companies’ distribution practices, we study a two-echelon electric vehicle routing problem. In this problem, fuel-powered vehicles are used to transport goods from depot intermediate facilities (satellites) in the first echelon, whereas vehicles, which have limited driving ranges need be recharged at recharging stations, transfer satellites customers...

Research of travel distance on single - depot position in warehouse is tremendous. This study focuses more the effect two-depot order picking problem (OPP) by using concept traveling salesman (TSP) and exact method – Branch Bound (B\&B) algorithm. The total one-depot shorter than for double block warehouses difference less 5%. also compared with approximate methods SA TS which show that dif...

BACKGROUND Noncompliance is a major problem for patients with a psychotic disorder. Two important risk factors for noncompliance that have a severe negative impact on treatment outcomes are impaired illness insight and lack of motivation. Our cross-sectional study explored how they are related to each other and their compliance with depot medication. METHODS Interviews were conducted in 169 o...

Long protocol of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-analougue (GnRH-a) can result in the formation of ovarian cyst by the transient initial stimulatory effect which increases the levels of both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These cysts require surgical drainage or result in poor ovarian response. Ovarian cyst formation can be prevented by taking oral contraceptive...

For most of the twentieth century, collective bargaining provided the terms on which labour was commonly employed in Britain. However, the quarter century since 1980 has seen the collapse of collectivism as the main way of regulating employment. Our argument is that the tacit settlement between organized labour and employers was undermined by increasing product market competition. The paper fir...

The distribution of intertidal organisms can often be determined by processes operating at the time of recruitment. Recruitment has been demonstrated to influence the composition of assemblages of natural habitats, but there is less evidence of its importance in artificial habitats. Coastal areas are becoming increasingly urbanised, with the replacement of many natural habitats by man-made stru...

OBJECTIVE To identify continuation rates of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) and characteristics of long-term users in a population of inner-city, minority adolescents with high pregnancy rates. DESIGN Retrospective medical record review. SETTING An inner-city adolescent clinic and an adolescent pregnancy program. METHODS A review of the medical records of 250 females aged...