Standard deviation (SD) and standard error (SE) are quietly but extensively used in biomedical publications. These terms and notations are used as descriptive statistics (summarizing numerical data), and they are used as inferential statistics (estimating population parameters from samples). I review the use and misuse of SD and SE in several authoritative medical journals and make suggestions ...

This article is the second of two on the use of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as a method to assess construct validity. The construct validation criteria required by the conventional MTMM approach are satisfied only by certain ideal data sets, such as those in which the method variance of measures is very low. The CFA approach to multitraitmultimethod (MTMM) data is more general, in that v...

the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of management dimensions of fan relationship on fan lifetime value in iran football premier league. the research method was developmental with regard to the aim and exploratory considering the nature of the study. the data were gathered through interviews, observation, review of the related literature and questionnaires. the statistical popula...

This study attempts to validate the consumer-oriented criteria list, developed by Wang et al. (2010), for selecting online travel shopping sites. Based on a sample of 985 respondents, confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test the factor structure and assess the reliability and validity of the list. The results support the list developed by Wang et al. (2010) and claim the list can be fu...

health is defined as situation of physical, psychological, and social welfare, which include both lack of diseases and best access to healthy standard without any religion, political, and socio-economic discrimination. more programs have been executed concerning rural environment from 1980s in islamic republic of iran. however, documents show that health level is low in rural area. rural health...