This paper improves several well-known results concerning the descriptional complexity of grammars regulated by context conditions. Specifically, it proves that every recursively enumerable language is generated (A) by a context-conditional grammar of degree (2, 1) with no more than seven conditional productions and eight nonterminals, (B) by a generalized forbidding grammar of degree two with ...

Weighted labelled transition systems (WLTSs) are an established (meta-)model aiming to provide general results and tools for a wide range of systems such as non-deterministic, stochastic, and probabilistic systems. In order to encompass processes combining several quantitative aspects, extensions of the WLTS framework have been further proposed, state-to-function transition systems (FuTSs) and ...

The presence of deterministic relations pose problems for current algorithms that learn the causal structure of a system based on the observed conditional independencies. Deterministic variables lead to information equivalences; two sets of variables have the same information about a third variable. Based on information content, one cannot decide on the direct causes. Several edges model equall...

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Kecamatan Selakau has a considerable risk of flooding, which occurs every year. Because it low topography, its location on the coast is undoubtedly greatly influenced by tides and prone to tidal flooding. In an effort anticipate reduce duration frequency rain arranging drainage system through technical study activities channels, especially Nyirih River channel, empties directly into River.This ...

Introduction. Undoubtedly Knowing the students views and characteristics have deep effect on certifying the subject and all other educational activities. Then this study is an analytic, descriptive and cross sectional survey to certify the students educational needs in their own definitions and how to improve it. Methods. The samples were 155 students of different medical groups that had pass...