We conduct an experimental analysis of a dataset comprising over 27 million microtasks performed by over 70,000 workers issued to a large crowdsourcing marketplace between 2012-2016. Using this data—never before analyzed in an academic context—we shed light on three crucial aspects of crowdsourcing: (1) Task design — helping requesters understand what constitutes an effective task, and how to g...

The notion of software ecosystems has been popular both in research and industry for more than a decade, but how software ecosystems are created still remains unclear. This becomes more of a challenge if one examines the “creation” of ecosystems that have high probability in surviving in the future, i.e. with respect to ecosystem health. In this paper, we focus on the creation of software ecosy...

A new Python API, integrated within the NLTK suite, offers access to the FrameNet 1.7 lexical database. The lexicon (structured in terms of frames) as well as annotated sentences can be processed programatically, or browsed with human-readable displays via the interactive Python prompt.

The notion of software ecosystems has been popular both in research and industry for more than a decade, but how software ecosystems are created still remains unclear. This becomes more of a challenge if one examines the “creation” of ecosystems that have high probability in surviving in the future, i.e. with respect to ecosystem health. In this paper, we focus on the creation of software ecosy...

NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | VOL 5 | JUNE 2015 | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange The response of the terrestrial biosphere to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) is a major uncertainty in models projecting future climate change, because of the critical feedback between terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) cycling and the atmosphere1–3. Current Earth system models disagree strongly on the si...

There is concern that ecosystem services provided by blanket peatlands have come under threat due to increasing degradation. Blanket peatlands are subject to a wide range of drivers of degradation and are topographically variable. As a result, many degradation forms can develop, including those resulting from eroding artificial drainage, incising gullies and areas of bare peat. Many degraded bl...

Recent studies emphasize the role of indirect relationships and feedback loops in maintaining ecosystem resilience. Environmental changes that impact on the organisms involved in these processes have the potential to initiate threshold responses and fundamentally shift the interactions within an ecosystem. However, empirical studies are hindered by the difficulty of designing appropriate manipu...

Urban ecosystems are becoming increasingly important as nodes of interaction between humans and nature. Sustainable management of urban ecosystems is therefore a crucial issue that needs to be analysed. The aim of this paper is to explore if adaptive co-management may be a viable approach for managing ecosystem resilience of a biodiversity-rich urban landscape in Stockholm, called the National ...