Recent studies have suggested that the ratio of the length of the second and fourth digit (2D:4D) may be associated with developmental instability (DI) as measured by the left-right asymmetry of the same digits. Because the 2D:4D ratio is amongst others, determined prenatally as a result of exposure to sex hormones, such an association could indicate that the same prenatal developmental process...

abstract plant roots absorb water and minerals from soil solution. plant production is a function of root distribution and its activity in soil. by increasing root density in soil unit volume, roots absorb more water and minerals. this implies that knowledge of root development is an important factor for crop production. to determine the most suitable amount of water for the maximum development...

Impact of reduced calcium during development in snakes" (2016). Abstract In squamate reptiles, the evolutionary transition from oviparity to viviparity is accompanied by loss of the calcareous outer eggshell, which suggests significant implications for the role of calcium during embryonic development (Packard et al., 1977). An experiment was designed to evaluate the impact of reduced calcium av...

BACKGROUND Studies have often compared the postnatal motor development of 'small' versus 'normal' newborns. Not much is known about the associations between a broad spectrum of size at birth and motor development. The effect of early postnatal growth on motor development is little researched. Growth failure in terms of shortness and thinness should be differentiated, but not many studies have t...