Diabetes mellitus is considered one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder or a chronic condition where the sugar levels in blood are high. Diabetes is associated with long-term complications that affect almost every part of the body and often leads to blindness, heart and blood vessel disease, stroke, kidney failure, amputations, and nerve dam...

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) both recognized the seminal contributions of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/ EDIC) study, sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, by scheduling a dedicated DCCT/EDIC symposium...

Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disorder of childhood and represents a major public health problem. Type 1 diabetes is the predominant form of diabetes during childhood and adolescence, accounting for about 90% of cases, although the growing epidemic of obesity has been associated with an increasing number of cases of childhood-onset type 2 diabetes (Craig et al., 2009; Patterson et al.,...

Type 1 diabetes accounts for only about 5-10% of all cases of diabetes; however, its incidence continues to increase worldwide and it has serious short-term and long-term implications. The disorder has a strong genetic component, inherited mainly through the HLA complex, but the factors that trigger onset of clinical disease remain largely unknown. Management of type 1 diabetes is best undertak...

Diabetes is a major threat to global public health. According to the latest data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), at least 366 million people are living with diabetes and this number is projected to be 552 million by 2030. At least 50% of people with diabetes suffer from one or two major diabetic complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopath...

T HE MANAGEMENT OF diabetes poses challenges at all levels, from affected individuals to society as a whole. Microvascular complications of diabetes have been attributed to poor glycemic control since the Joslin era. This hypothesis was confirmed for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus by the results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and for patients with type 2 diabetes mellit...

OBJECTIVE—To determine the relationship between mean sensor glucose concentrations and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values measured in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/ Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications laboratory at the University of Minnesota in a cohort of subjects with type 1 diabetes from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation continuous glucose monitoring r...

It’s not always the case that it’s easy to forgive and forget, particularly when it comes to past memories. The concept of the legacy effect or hyperglycemic memory describes the deferred consequence of antecedent glycemic status on the development of diabetic complications. Anyone researching chronic hyperglycemia appreciates that glucose is still considered the major risk factor implicated in...

OBJECTIVE The degree to which chronic glycemic exposure (CGE) (fasting plasma glucose [FPG], HbA1c [A1C], duration of diabetes, age at onset of diabetes, or combinations of these) is associated with or predicts the severity of microvessel complications is unsettled. Specifically, we test whether combinations of components correlate and predict complications better than individual components. ...