Accurate identification of field pests has crucial decision-making significance for integrated pest control. Most current research focuses on the sticky card or case great differences between target and background. There is little with protective color characteristics. Aiming at problem that it difficult to identify characteristics in complex environment, a method based near-infrared imaging te...

Specific gene functions have been successfully suppressed by gene silencing or editing in many organisms. However, genetic manipulation to suppress the function of a target tissue has not been achieved using genes such as cytotoxin family members. We established transgenic silkworms with posterior silk glands (PSGs) that express the enzymatic domain of the cytotoxin pierisin-1A (P1A), a recentl...

Pinoresinol, a lignan of wide distribution in plants, is found to occur as a minor component in the defensive secretion produced by glandular hairs of caterpillars of the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae. The compound or a derivative is appropriated by the larva from its normal food plant (the cabbage, Brassica oleracea). Pinoresinol was shown to be absent from the secretion if the larva was giv...

The angular and spectral reXectance of single scales of Wve diVerent butterXy species was measured and related to the scale anatomy. The scales of the pierids Pieris rapae and Delias nigrina scatter white light randomly, in close agreement with Lambert’s cosine law, which can be well understood from the randomly organized beads on the scale crossribs. The reXectance of the iridescent blue scale...

Abstract The outbreak of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in Africa has led to several recommendations insecticides, including biopesticides. However, effects these products on environment, especially parasitoids have not been assessed under field conditions. Here, we investigated effect commonly used biopesticides S. frugiperda management and larval northern Ghana. experiments were co...