Contemporary theories of clinical reasoning espouse a dual processing model, which consists of a rapid, intuitive component (Type 1) and a slower, logical and analytical component (Type 2). Although the general consensus is that this dual processing model is a valid representation of clinical reasoning, the causes of diagnostic errors remain unclear. Cognitive theories about human memory propos...

Extended Abstract In this talk we will provide a historical/conceptual account of the evolution of expert systems in general, and medical diagnostic expert systems in particular, from the viewpoint of the degree to which such systems embody capabilities for functional or "causal" reasoning . We distinguish between deep models in the sense of scientific first principles and deep cognitive models...

In recent years several approaches have been proposed for model-based diagnosis of hybrid systems. These approaches deal with discrete or parametric faults, and perform consistency-based, stochastic or mixed reasoning. The major restriction that a diagnosis application designer faces is that each technique uses its own modeling paradigm and the reasoning algorithms implement a single strategy. ...

Abstract Construct maps and related item type frameworks, which respectively describe identify common patterns in student reasoning, provide teachers with tools to support instruction built upon students’ intuitive thinking. We present a methodological approach–embedded within assessment development processes–for developing such construct frameworks entails (1) articulating map, (2) diagnostic ...

Les 6 et 7 juillet 2023, la SSMIG a organisé «Diagnostic Masterclass» au Kursaal de Berne. Le thème principal était, entre autres, le Reasoning» (raisonnement diagnostique). PD Dr méd. Stefan Markun, chargé cours à l’Université Zurich, participé l’événement résume ce qu’il en retenu.

in his recognition of being and achievement of truth, man has two instruments in his constitution and two ways before him: intellect and heart; reasoning and intuition. some have opted the way of reasoning and underestimated intuition because of its lack of reasoning, and some have preferred intuition over reasoning because of its being presential (intuitive). with their research on philosophy ...

INTRODUCTION Diagnostic reasoning is a core skill in teaching and learning in undergraduate curricula. Diagnostic grand rounds (DGRs) as a subform of grand rounds are intended to train the students' skills in the selection of appropriate tests and in the interpretation of test results. The aim of this study was to test DGRs for their ability to improve diagnostic reasoning by using a pre-post-t...

Agents in a team should be in agreement. Unfortunately, they may come to disagree due to sensor uncertainty, intermittent communication failures, etc. Once a disagreement occurs the agents should detect and diagnose the disagreement. Current diagnostic techniques do not scale well with the number of agents, as they have high communication and computation complexity. We present novel techniques ...

CONTEXT Diagnostic errors have been associated with bias in clinical reasoning. Empirical evidence on the cognitive mechanisms underlying biases and effectiveness of educational strategies to counteract them is lacking. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether recent experience with clinical problems provokes availability bias (overestimation of the likelihood of a diagnosis based on the ease with w...