A subset S of V (G), where G is a simple undirected graph, hop dominating if for each v ∈ (G) \ S, there exists w such that dG(v, w) = 2 and it differentiating N2 G[u] ∩ ̸= G[v] any two distinct vertices u, (G). set ⊆ both in G. The minimum cardinality G, denoted by γdh(G), called the domination number In this paper, we investigate some properties newly defined parameter. particular, characteriz...

methods fifty-three patients who were treated at the department of gastroenterology and hepatology of the university clinic essen from 2008 to 2013 included in this retrospective study. laboratory parameters were used to calculate non-invasive markers for liver fiibrosis. every patient underwent a liver biopsy within 6 months of the liver stiffness measurement. objectives autoimmune hepatitis (...

acute dyspnea is a common cause of hospitalization in emergency departments (ed).distinguishing the cardiac causes of acute dyspnea from pulmonary ones is a major challenge for responsible physicians in eds. this study compares the characteristics of bedside ultrasonography with serum level of blood natriuretic peptide (bnp) in this regard. methods: this diagnostic accuracy study compares bedsi...