bladder stone is an old known mankind disease. it is a problem of male and is more common in children of underdeveloped countries and old age men in industrialized countries. giant bladder stone in a female without any underlying problem is even a rarer entity. the case alone is hence being reported in view of its rarity and persistence of stone from childhood

inscriptions in calligraphy, hard stone carving and rock reliefs have a long tradition in iranian art. although from the pre-islamic times many important samples of three dimensional sculptures have been found in iran, during the islamic era, because of the religious edicts and beliefs, that they had the sculpting prohibited, the art of sculpture couldn’t be developed in the way of pre-islamic ...

Formation of bladder stone in repaired case of bladderexstrophy is reported to be around 15%. Formation of stone in urethra is rare accounting for less than 0.3% of cases. We report one such case of penile urethral stone presenting 7 years after bladderexstrophy repair. Stone was removed by urethrotomy and urethroplasty was done over Foley’s catheter. Patient developed urethro-cutaneous fistula...

OBJECTIVES A prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of naftopidil 75 mg for medical expulsive therapy for a single ureter stone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with a ureter stone were prescribed aceclofenac 100 mg or a combined medication of tramadol 37.5 mg and acetaminophen 325 mg. Patients then randomly received either ...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of simultaneous flexible ureteroscopic removal of stones (URS) for ureteral and ipsilateral renal stones and to analyze the predictive factors for renal stone-free status. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent simultaneous flexible URS of ureteral and ipsilateral renal stones from...

Gall stone is responsible for about 1% of total small bowel obstruction, 1.2 and recurrent gall stone ileus is even more unusual. 3 Gall stone ileus is caused by the impaction of the stone in bowel lumen. It was first described in a patient examined at autopsy by Bartholin in 1654. This paper based on unusual recurrent intestinal obstructions by a gall stone. The patient presented with large bo...

BACKGROUND This study was carried out to determine whether or not there is a significant relationship between the radiologic anatomy of the lower calyx, as seen on preoperative intravenous urography (IVU), and the outcome of stone clearance after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for lower renal calyceal stones. METHODS Between June 1998 and April 2007, 112 patients with a solitary ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of using a stone cone and an entrapment and extraction device (N-Trap®, Cook Urological, Bloomington, IN, USA) to avoid stone retropulsion during ureteroscopic lithotripsy for ureteric stones. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective comparative study included 436 patients treated with ureteroscopic lithotripsy for a single ureteric stone from Februa...

This paper highlights the difficulties intrinsic to gauging a student’’s affective state. We argue that there is a need to further support the emotional experiences of students within settings such as the classroom. Findings from our first study illustrate the inherent difficulties of understanding the emotional experiences of students within the classroom context. For example, we identify low ...