The serine peptidases of Trypanosoma brucei have been viewed as potential drug targets. In particular, the S9 prolyl oligopeptidase subfamily is thought to be a good avenue for drug discovery. This is based on the finding that some S9 peptidases are secreted and active in the mammalian bloodstream, and that they are a class of enzyme against which drugs have successfully been developed. We coll...

Previous studies showed that hydrolysates of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) prepared using gastrointestinal proteases strongly inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity in vitro. In this study, we developed a BLG-secreting Lactococcus lactis strain as a delivery vehicle and in situ expression system. Interestingly, trypsin-digested recombinant BLG from L. lactis inhibited DPP-IV activity, sugges...

Table 1. Relative effect sizes for change of HbA1c, risk of nausea and treatment discontinuation due to AEs, all GLP-1 RA treatments compared to placebo. • In addition to GLP-1 RAs, two sulfonylureas (glibenclamide, glimepiride), two thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and insulin were included to ensure a connected network of compar...

In this retrospective study, the medical records of hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes attending two major hospitals were reviewed to find factors associated poor blood pressure control in who have as a comorbid disease hypertension. Binary regression analysis was conducted independently BP control. A total 522 participants included study. Most had uncontrolled hypertension (63.4%) and ...

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes and documented CVD who had been treated with insulin and/or SU underwent 5 days of monitoring with a continuous glucose measurement system along with parallel electrocardiogram recording for monitoring of ventricular arrhythmias. Twelve age-matched patients with documented CVD who received treatment with metformin and/or dipeptidy...

Background Studies in animals have suggested that the glucagon-like peptide-1 hormone (GLP-1) has neurotrophic properties that were independent of those related to the improvement of glucose control. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors increase GLP-1 levels and are effective in improving metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) but little is known about its eff...

In Brief In the past decade, various incretin-based therapies have emerged in clinical practice. These drugs, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists lower A1C with weight-neutral or weight-lowering effects and a relatively lower risk of hypoglycemia. This article provides a review of lixisenatide, a once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist for...

Abbreviations ACCORD Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes ADVANCE Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified-Release Controlled Evaluation AGI α-Glucosidase inhibitor CAD Coronary artery disease CKD Chronic kidney disease CVD Cardiovascular disease DPP-4 Dipeptidyl peptidase IV GIP Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide 1 ...

Peptide metabolism is a complex process that involves many proteins working in concert. Mass spectrometry-based global peptide profiling of mice lacking dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) identified endogenous DPP4 substrates and revealed an unrecognized pathway during proline peptide catabolism that interlinks aminopeptidase and DPP4 activities. Together, these studies elucidate specific aspects of...