Speech acts theory is not about words, phrases or sentences which are mainly used as units of interaction between people, but basically actions that achieved through such utterances. 'Speech theory' belongs to the realm Pragmatics. In this study, selected stretches discourse two court speeches highlighted. These trailers emerge in a formal setting presence an authority who makes judgments on di...

It has been observed that promotion of cell enlargement by auxin is accompanied by an increase in synthesis of cell wall material (2, 3, 5, 6, 18, 25, 26, 27). Because auxin does not cause an increase in wall synthesis in oat coleoptile segments whose elongation is inhibited with mannitol, the increase in synthesis caused by auxin in uninhibited segments has been regarded as induced by elongati...

In this paper we review the notion of direct and indirect causal effect as introduced by Pearl (2001). We show how it can be formulated without counterfactuals, using regime indicators instead. This allows to consider the natural (in)direct effect as a special case of sequential treatments discussed by Dawid & Didelez (2005) which immediately yields conditions for identifiability as well as a g...