This Article traces the origins of the Database Directive and asks whether the Directive is a model that should be applied at the international level. Part I examines the background to the Directive. Such an examination is pertinent because the Commission went from a position in 1988 of limiting its proposal to copyright protection, to one of a “copyright plus” approach in 1992. Part II reviews...

IV. PATENTABILITY OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS IN EUROPE............................................................................ 583 A. The European Patent Convention............................. 583 B. Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions ...... 589 1. Procedure for Adoption of a Directi...

This work examines the ability of a special type smart antenna array known as Switched Active Parasitic Antenna (SASPA) to produce directive and electronically steerable radiation pattern. The SASPA consists elements that are switchable between active parasitic states by using P-Intrinsic-N (PIN) diodes. element is supplied radio frequency while short-circuiting terminals an in results element....

This paper is concernedwith the analysis of theworst case behavior of Hopcroft’s algorithm for minimizing deterministic finite state automata. We extend a result of Castiglione, Restivo and Sciortino. They show that Hopcroft’s algorithm has a worst case behavior for the automata recognizing Fibonacci words. In a previous paper, we have proved that this holds for all standard Sturmian words havi...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the emotional impact of physician-initiated advance directive discussions. METHODS One hundred ambulatory patients aged 65 years and older were randomly assigned to receive either a physician-initiated discussion of advance directive choices of a discussion of health promotion issues. Prediscussion, immediate postdiscussion, and 1-week postdiscussion measures ...

A case is first presented in which a woman carries a foetus with Turner syndrome. Thereafter, the development of non-directiveness to a standard in genetic counselling is described, and the concepts of directive and non-directive counselling are analysed critically. Next, the treatment of Turner syndrome in medical texts and websites is examined in detail. Finally, it is argued that the concept...

a newly designed printed slot antenna is presented that incorporates variable two band-notched functions for ultra-wideband (uwb) applications. the two band notches of this coplanar waveguide (cpw) fed antenna are achieved by an m-shaped slot (mss) embedded in the radiating element and a c-shaped strip(css) close to ground plane, therefore two very narrow rejected properties in the wireless loc...

A compact microstrip-fed antenna with dual notched bands is proposed. First, a simple basic configuration is presented for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications and then the dual band notched structure is extended from the UWB one. The basic structure of the UWB antenna consists of a simple square radiating patch and a ground plane with a wide square slot on back of the substrate. A semi-circle sh...