ABSTRACT Isolation, detection with diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and microscopy demonstrated the presence of Phytophthora ramorum in the sapwood of mature, naturally infected tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) trees. The pathogen was strongly associated with discolored sapwood (P < 0.001), and was recovered or detected from 83% of discolored sapwood tissue samples. Hyphae were abund...

BACKGROUND Success in root canal treatment is achieved after thorough biomechanical preparation followed by complete obturation of the canal system together with prompt and adequate restoration. Therefore, the endodontic therapy requires specific and complete knowledge of the internal and external anatomy, and its variation in presentation. Such treatment may be performed in root canal systems ...

Abstract Photocatalytic membranes reactors have become one of the most efficient technologies to treat polluted waters. However, a major drawback is unilateral irradiation membrane, where only side membrane exploited. To overcome this issue, we developed reactor can be irradiated on both sides. Polyacrylonitrile containing different amounts TiO 2 nanoparticles up 60% were first prepared by elec...

objective : the aim of this study was to assess the amount of interdental bone in posterior areas of the mandible for placing orthodontic mini-implants to provide and control anchorage in orthodontic treatment. materials and methods : the amount of interdental bone in areas between the second premolars and first molars, first and second molars on the right and left sides of the mandible were de...

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study is to describe a preclinical investigation using laser-activated bleaching agent for discolored teeth. Materials and methods: Sixty sound human central and lateral incisors were selected for this study and were randomly assigned into four groups as follows: Group 1 (n=15): only Whiteness HP 10 min; Group 2 (n=15): diode laser, wavelength 980 nm power 0.8 W–30...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the color stability of three acrylic based hard liners (Ufi gel hard, Dura-Liner II, Tokuso Rebase) and two silicone based soft liners (Ufi gel permanent, Molloplast B) by using the colorimeter. METHODS Sixty disc-shaped samples, with uniform size of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm in thickness were fabricated for each material. Thirty samples were made...