Crowdsourcing is an act of outsourcing tasks, traditionally performed by an employee or contractor, which are now performed by a large group of people. Recent survey deals with the problem of evaluating the submissions to crowdsourcing websites on which data is increasing rapidly in both volume and complexity. Thus, with an increasing number of submissions, the process of rate submissions, sele...

inulin is widely used in functional foods throughout the world for its health-promoting and technological properties. helianthus tuberosus is cultivated widely in the northern part of iran. helianthus tuberosus can be a valuable source of inulin. to optimize conventional extraction of inulin, various combinations of time, temperature, and solvent: solid ratio, were used. in this research, a ser...

optimization of the isolation methods and utilization of the sugars present in the hydrolysates obtained from pre-hydrolyses of various lignocellulosic materials for production of new chemicals and energy is currently accounted for novel methods of biorefinery all over the world. in this study, effect of temperature (90 and 100 oc), koh concentration (2, 4 and 6 %) and polyoxyethylene (80) sorb...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) constitute a novel class of nanomaterials with remarkable applications in diverse domains. However, the main intrincsic problem of CNTs is their insolubility or very poor solubility in most of the common solvents. The basic key question here is: are carbon nanotubes dissolved or dispersed in liquids, specifically in water? When analyzing the scientific research articles ...

Quantitative studies of the dissolved nitrogen in man have been previously made only for short periods of time, chiefly in determinations of cardiac output (Bornstein, 1919). Measurements of nitrogen absorption and elimination not only give an approximation of cardiac output, but also a’fford a representation of the absorption and elimination of all chemically inert gases, specifically the inha...

In this paper, a simple dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction and pre-concentration of formaldehyde in seawater samples followed with spectrophotometric is proposed. Formaldehyde was derivatized in situ with acetyl acetone in the presence of ammonium acetate in a single step. Then it was collected into a mixture of ethanol (disperser solvent) and chloroform (extracting...

Fishes can play important functional roles in the nutrient dynamics of freshwater systems. Aggregating fishes have the potential to generate areas of increased biogeochemical activity, or hotspots, in streams and rivers. Many of the studies documenting the functional role of fishes in nutrient dynamics have focused on native fish species; however, introduced fishes may restructure nutrient stor...

This paper aims to provide a review of the analytical extraction techniques for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils. The extraction technologies described here include Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic and mechanical agitation, accelerated solvent extraction, supercritical and subcritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, solid phase extraction and microextraction, ther...

Access to bioavailable nitrogen often limits primary production in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Around 70% of nitrogen transported by rivers worldwide consists of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), but its bioavailability has been poorly investigated. To assess the potential bacterial growth on DON, we developed a bioassay employing natural DON and bacterial inocula in medium manipulated to...