<span lang="EN-US">Due to the growing penetration of distributed generators (DGs), that are based on renewable energy, into distribution network, it is necessary address coordination directional overcurrent relays (DOCR) in presence these generators. This problem has been solved by many metaheuristic optimization techniques obtain optimal relay parameters and have an protection considerin...

In the coming decade a strong trend towards distributed electricity generation (microgeneration) is expected. Micro-generators are small appliances that generate electricity (and heat) at the kilowatt level, which allows them to be installed in households. By combining a group of micro-generators, a Virtual Power Plant can be formed. The electricity market/network requires a VPP control system ...

In this paper both continuous and discrete models for the microCHP (Combined Heat and Power) scheduling problem are derived. This problem consists of the decision making to plan runs for a specific type of distributed electricity generators, the microCHP. As a special result, one model variant of the problem, named n-DSHSP-restricted, is proven to be NPcomplete in the strong sense. This shows t...