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Increased utilization of evaluation results has been the primary rationale for the development of participatory or stakeholder approaches. The assumption is that participation by various constituents in the evaluation process will increase their understanding of and commitment to the use of evaluation results. Another rationale for implementing a participatory evaluation approach is empowerment...

This paper describes a system that provides faculty with automatic testing and grading online facilities, as well as course administration resources, using the World Wide Web as a common and ubiquitous interface. The system was built using the Common Lisp HTTP Server from MIT and its functionality to generate HTML "on the fly," which offers the appropriate level of interactivity and flexibility...

We provide a new model that generates persistent performance differences amongst seemingly similar enterprises. Our model provides a mechanism whereby efficient incumbent rivals can give permission for an inefficient firm to exist in the presence of efficient entrants. We demonstrate that, in a repeated game, an efficient incumbent has a unilateral incentive to establish a relational contract t...

When it comes to permission imperatives, a basic question that must be answered is whether they should receive the same basic analysis as strong imperatives (i.e., those which express commands and the like). If the answer is positive, the difference should lie in some aspect of the context. Portner (2004, 2008), Schwager (2005b), and maybe Mastop (2005) take this view. If it is negative, a perm...

The Fourth Lateran Council teaches that God is a " substantia seu natura simplex omnino " —an " altogether simple substance or nature " —and the First Vatican Council reiterated the teaching. The doctrine of divine simplicity is at the center of Thomas's natural theology, since it is essentially involved in his attempt to show that the First Cause that he has proved to exist in the Five Ways ha...

ply of tropical afflictions; and they too were bitten by malariabearing mosquitoes. But the native population, having lived with the menace of malaria for a hundred generations, had inherited a modest measure of resistance to the disease; not so with the white slavers, their soldiers, missionaries or adventurers seeking precious metals. The medical literature of 1830 carried an article by a Fre...

Reasoning about permissions and obligations sometimes requires to distinguish more than one level of permission: certain actions are preferable to others, or one has more confidence in one type of action achieving the same goal than in other. We give a logic handling this type of ramification, and present a complete axiomatization. The recent work offers an extension of the Dynamic Logic of Per...