Diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is a major end-organ complication in diabetes, continues to be the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and accounts for .40% of patients on renal replacement therapy (1). Currently available factors that are routinely used in clinical practice to predict and monitor the progression of DN include degree of proteinuria and both glycemic and blood pressure...

A molecular mechanism is proposed for the toughness enhancement observed in double-network (DN) hydrogels prepared from poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) polyelectrolyte network and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) linear polymer. It is an extension of the phenomenological model set forth recently by Gong et al. ( Macromolecules 2007, 40, 6658- 6664 ). This mechanism rationalize...

Dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been long considered as a significant factor in the development of many disorders that involve the end-organs of the autonomic nervous system. For example, in 1927, Wolf and Thomas wrote a paper entitled “Gastroduodenal ulcers and autonomic balance” in the Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry. To this day, research continues in the relations...

Nutrient losses from headwater catchments (<50 km2) cause eutrophication problems downstream. Catchment properties are strongly reflected in the levels of nutrient concentrations streams. Based on measurements total and dissolved nitrogen (TN, DN) phosphorus (TP, DP) 235 small streams, we showed that proportion arable land a catchment had strongest positive effect concentrations, with coefficie...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious chronic microvascular abnormalities diabetes mellitus and major cause uremia. Accumulating evidence has confirmed that fibrosis a significant pathological feature contributes to development kidney disease in DN. However, exact mechanism renal DN still unclear, which greatly hinders treatment Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) shown efficacy safety...

BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes that has significant economic burden, especially for patients with comorbid depression or anxiety. This study examines and quantifies factors associated with healthcare costs among patients diagnosed with diabetic neuropathy (DN) with or without a comorbid diagnosis of depression or anxiety (DA) using retrospective adminis...

BACKGROUND Sepsis is a syndrome that results in high morbidity and mortality. We investigated the delta neutrophil index (DN) as a predictive marker of early mortality in patients with gram-negative bacteremia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary referral hospital in South Korea from November 2010 to March 2011. The DN was measured at onset of bacteremia and...

Sampling from the mental number line: how are approximate number system representations formed? Sampling from the mental number line: how are approximate number system representations formed? Cognition, 129 (1), pp. 63-69. Abstract Nonsymbolic comparison tasks are commonly used to index the acuity of an individual's approximate number system (ANS), a cognitive mechanism believed to be involved ...