The study was conducted to investigate the role for dopamine in the centrally mediated sympathoexcitatory response in rats with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D was induced by a combination of high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). HFD/STZ treatment for 12-14 wk resulted in significant increase in the number of FosB-positive cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and rostral ventr...

The presence of endogenous stem cell populations in the adult mammalian CNS suggests an innate potential for regeneration and represents a potential resource for neuroregenerative therapy aimed at the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. However, it is first necessary to examine the microenvironmental signals required to activate these innate reparative mechani...

BACKGROUND Dystonia constitutes a heterogeneous group of movement abnormalities, characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal postures. Overwhelming data suggest involvement of basal ganglia and dopaminergic pathways in dystonia. In this review, we critically evaluate recent neuroimaging studies that investigate dopamine receptors, endogenous dopamine release,...

Although a predominant scientifi c theory exists on how nicotine leads to dependence, further study is needed to explore the relationships between genetic, environmental, and social infl uences on dependence. This concluding chapter summarizes how tobacco genetics may affect basic and clinical research and provides summaries and recommendations for each part of the monograph and cross-cutting r...

objective: the present study aimed to review the relapse rate in patients with schizophrenia treated with orally taken atypical agents (serotonin dopamine antagonists, sdas) and depot preparation of conventional (typical) antipsychotics. methods: in this historical cohort study, mean relapse per month (mrm) index, duration between initiation of antipsychotic treatment and the first relapse epis...

background: molecular components of the dopamine receptor (drd3) play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (scz). previous studies have demonstrated an association between the drd3 ser9gly polymorphism and scz but the results have been inconclusive. method: in this study, we investigated this controversial association between the ser9gly (a/g) polymorphism and scz using mal...