The electric behaviour of the mormyrid Gnathonemus petersii is changed by dopaminergic drugs applied to the aquarium water. The upper limit of the interpuls interval distributions is significantly shifted to shorter intervals by apomorphine-HCl (.082 - .328 mg/ml), and to longer intervals by haloperidol (.041 - .164 mg/ml). The effect of apomorphine is antagonized by haloperidol. Probably, a do...

Antidepressant-Like Effects of Menthol via Dopaminergic System; Using Forced Swimming Test in a Mice Model

In man, non emetic doses of apomorphine elicit a series of behavioural, neurological and psychological changes which are difficult to ascribe to the stimulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors. Since similar effects are elicited by neuroleptic drugs, the functional changes induced by apomorphine in man might be interpreted as being the result of a decreased dopaminergic activity. The sedatio...

The primate cortex represents and produces events in a distributed way, which calls for a mechanism that integrates their features into coherent structures. Visuomotor integration seems to be driven by dopaminergic (DA) pathways but which subsystems are involved is currently unknown. The present study compared the impact of the recreational use of two drugs on visuomotor integration: cannabis, ...

Introduction Bipolar Disorder (BD) has been suggested to be a risk factor for development of Parkinson Disease. Psychiatric drugs used as standard treatment BD includes many that are known induce drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP). Objectives Clinical differentiation between PD and DIP is clinical scientific crucial result. It might aided by functional neuroimaging the dopaminergic nigrostriatal p...

Involuntary abnormal movements have been reported after ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Post stroke movement disorders can appear as acute or delayed sequel. At the moment, for many of these disorders the knowledge of pharmacological treatment is still inadequate. Dopaminergic and GABAergic systems may be mainly involved in post-stroke movement disorders. This article provides a review on dr...

The author distinguishes between the putative neuroleptic-induced disorders of tardive dysmentia and supersensitivity psychosis. The distinction is made with regard to clinical features, response to pharmacological intervention, and proposed etiologies. It is suggested that tardive dysmentia is due not to dopaminergic supersensitivity but to some other neurotoxic phenomenon associated with the ...

Accumulating evidence suggests that glutamate, as one of the most important excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain, plays a key role in drug addiction including opioid addiction. There is substantial evidence for glutamatergic projections into mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic neurons, which are associated with opioid psychological dependence and are also the key regions of enhancement effect. ...

The ventral tegmental area is strongly associated with the reward system. Dopamine is released in areas such as the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex as a result of rewarding experiences such as food, sex, and neutral stimuli that become associated with them. Electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area or its output pathways can itself serve as a potent reward. Different drugs th...

Dopamine appears to be of less importance in the regulation of psychomotor functions than was previously thought. A central dopaminergic-glutamatergic balance may be important for both akinetic motor disorders and psychosis. In Parkinson's disease glutamate antagonists may counteract central glutamatergic hyperactivity and may be of value as anti-parkinsonian drugs. An increase of dopaminergic ...