A functioning logic gate based on quantum-dot cellular automata is presented, where digital data are encoded in the positions of only two electrons. The logic gate consists of a cell, composed of four dots connected in a ring by tunnel junctions, and two single-dot electrometers. The device is operated by applying inputs to the gates of the cell. The logic AND and OR operations are verified usi...

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) provide a novel electronics paradigm for information processing and communication. A basic quantum-dot cell consists of several quantum dots with two excess electrons. A binary coded decimal (BCD) and a decimal coded binary (DCB) circuit based on QCA logic gates: the and-or-inverter (AOI) gates are proposed in the study. In addition, the circuits designed by ...

Interaction between single electrons in coupled quantum dots is used to perform binary logic operations in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). Clocked control over tunneling is necessary to achieve power gain and minimize power dissipation in QCA. The high temperature limit for clocked operation is set by the ability of the cells to store binary information when the input signal is removed (so...

References We investigate the use of nanoelectronic structures in cellular nonlinear network (CNN) architectures, for future high-density and low-power CMOS-nanodevice hybrid circuits. We present simulation results for Single Electron Tunneling (SET) transistors configured as a voltage-to-current transducer for CNN cells. We also present an example of quantum-dot cellular arrays which may be us...

In this article we present an extended quantum-dot cellular automaton (QCA) cell. The extension is mainly focused on the enlargement of the range of possible states of a single QCA cell. In a QCA cell the electrons, owing to electrostatic repulsion, align along one of the two diagonal configurations that correspond to their maximal spatial separation. This gives the QCA cell the ability to enco...

Quantum cellular automata (QCA) is expected to provide highly dense nanotechnology implementations of logic. However, unlike the CMOS technology, the designs in QCA are constrained by the limited number of basic gate structures. This paper describes an important new basic building block, a five input majority gate (MAJ5) in QCA technology. Many new functions can be directly implemented in a sin...

According to the well-known prediction made by Gordon Moore forty years ago, the increase in the number of transistors per square inch of integrated circuits doubles every 18 months. With this pace of miniaturisation it is to be expected that in the next five to ten years the integration will be at the nanometer scale [1]. Due to this fact, many researchers have focused on this problem. In the ...

Semiconductor quantum dots (QD) are nanometer-sized crystals with unique photochemical and photophysical properties that are not available from either isolated molecules or bulk solids. In comparison with organic dyes and fluorescent proteins, QD are emerging as a new class of fluorescent labels with improved brightness, resistance against photobleaching and multicolor fluorescence emission. Th...