Flatness measurement using shape-rolls has been used in cold rolling mills for a long time. The benefit is obvious since the measured flatness profile can be used directly to control roll bending, tilt and cooling profile. It was therefore integrated in the mill control system at an early stage to control the strip shape against a target I-unit profile. However, since the flatness is also affec...

The article scrutinises the trajectory of China’s establishment a digital state, rooted in “whole-of-nation” system—or aptly termed (party–)state capitalism. author illustrates path formulating and enforcing strategies to digitalise public services—including, importantly, identity infrastructure—via institutional concentration that exemplifies both positive exclusionary nature social big data s...

The drainage of a thin liquid film with an insoluble monolayer down a vertical wall is studied. Lubrication theory is used to develop a model where the film is pinned at the top with a given thickness and the film drains into a bath at the bottom. A nonlinear equation of state is used for the surface tension and the surface viscosity is a nonlinear function of the surfactant concentration; thes...

The second law of thermodynamics is on one hand understood to account for irrevocable flow of energy from the top down, on the other hand it is seen to imply irreversible increase of disorder. This tension between the 2 stances is resolved in favor of the free energy consumption when entropy is derived from the statistical mechanics of open systems. The change in entropy is shown to map directl...

The linear Rayleigh Taylor instability of two superposed compressible Newtonian fluids is discussed with the effect of surface tension which can play important roles in space plasma. As in both the superposed Newtonian fluids, the system is stable for potentially stable case and unstable for potentially unstable case in the present problem also. The equations of the problem are solved by normal...

We study the rigidity of two-dimensional site-diluted central force triangular networks under tension. We calculate the shear modulus micro directly and fit it with a power law of the form mu approximately (p-p*)(f), where p is the concentration of sites, p* its critical value, and f the critical exponent. We find that the critical behavior of mu is quite sensitive to tension. As the tension is...

This paper presents two feedforward control algorithms to attenuate the tension error in digital tape systems. Tape systems are time-varying because not only do the radii of both reels change as a result of tape winding from one reel to the other but reels also have eccentricities. We address the time-varying nature of the reel radii due to tape winding by introducing a time-varying feedforward...

Relying on the recently proposed multicanonical algorithm, we present a numerical simulation of the first order phase transition in the 2d 10-state Potts model on lattices up to sizes 100 × 100. It is demonstrated that the new algorithm lacks an exponentially fast increase of the tunneling time between metastable states as a function of the linear size L of the system. Instead, the tunneling ti...

The same relationship holds for the interfacial tension o-i at the consolute critical point (the critical point for phase separation) of a binary fluid mixture. Up to now no rigorous theory links the interfacial tension to properties of the bulk system. However, a phenomenological approach which should be valid in the vicinity of the critical point has been developed by Fisk and Widom. 2 Accord...