aside from internal historical and intellectual factors contributing to the stagnation of the islamic civilization in the last two decades, this civilization has faced a challenge in the fast growing and spreading civilization of the west. islamic thinkers, in tandem with reconstructing religious thought, have made strenuous efforts to find an internal religious answer for the emancipation of i...

thinking also led to the development of symbolic logic, geometry and various branches of mathematics in ancient Greece, India, Islam and other civilizations. These advances provided a set of rules for the manipulation of concepts, ideas and other

The potential of Big Data is widely recognized and many are seeking fortunes with Big Data today, just as they once sought fortunes by heading West in America. While success was initially limited only by creativity and passion, over time we need civilization, with all its accompanying benefits and constraints. As the field of Big Data matures, it is approaching the end of the "Wild West" era. I...

Transyears in biology have been documented thus far by the extended cosinor approach, including linear-nonlinear rhythmometry. We here confirm the existence of transyears by simulated annealing, a method originally developed for a much broader use, but described and introduced herein for validating its application to time series. The method is illustrated both on an artificial test case with kn...

Understanding the syntax of an undeciphered writing is a significant challenge. This can provide important clues to the nature of writing and guide potential decipherments. Here we evaluate a set of computational tools that can help us address this problem. We show that significant aspects of the writing can be inferred through this approach without making any assumption about the underlying co...

From ancient times Turkic languages have been in contact with numerous representatives of different language families. The article discusses the Turkic Indian language contact and were shown promise and necessity of this trend for the Turkic linguistics, were given Turkic Indian lexical parallels in the framework of the nostratic language's macro family. The research work has done on the base o...

This paper describes various challenges encountered while developing an automatic Named Entity Recognition (NER) using Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) for Tamil. We also discuss how we have overcome some of these challenges. Though most of the challenges in NER discussed here are common to many Indian languages, in this work the focus is on Tamil, a South Indian language belonging to Dravidian...

The collection of methods by which human languages convey meaning is called meaning structure of a language. It includes many conventional form-meaning associations, word-order regularities, tense systems, conjunctions and quantifiers, and a fundamental predicate-argument structure. In the Dravidian language, Malayalam, the Karaka theory, is useful for both the syntax analysis and semantic anal...

In a prior study (Garrett, 2011), I introduced a simple economic growth model designed to be consistent with general thermodynamic laws. Unlike traditional economic models, civilization is viewed only as a well-mixed global whole with no distinction made between individual nations, economic sectors, labor, or capital investments. At the model core is a hypothesis that the global economy’s curre...