Fig is a very perishable fruit with short postharvest life. Low-cost techniques should be employed to reduce fresh fig losses. The purpose of this study was design passive modified atmosphere packaging (PMAP) extend the shelf-life ‘Dottato’ figs stored at 4 °C for 21 days. Physico-chemical traits and enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidant systems were evaluated. Storage in PMAP reduced losses weig...

An experiment was conducted using male Ross×Ross 708 broiler chicks to determine the effect of oil extraction from corn distillers dried grains with solubles on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility from 23 to 31 d of age. On an as-fed basis, ether extract concentrations were determined as 5.4% (L-distillers dried grains with solubles), 7.9% (M-distillers dried grains with solubles), and 10.5...

Abstract Figs are recognized as keystone species in sustaining wildlife. Many studies showed that Dramaga Campus (Bogor) provides suitable wildlife habitat but no information available on the use of figs by area. This study aimed at identifying and examining role weeping fig ( Ficus benjamina ) campus A rapid pre-survey was conducted to list using trees July 2020; observation sample (September-...

Differences in breeding system are associated with correlated ecological and morphological changes in plants. In Ficus, dioecy and monoecy are strongly associated with different suites of traits (tree height, population density, fruiting frequency, pollinator dispersal ecology). Although approximately 30% of fig species are pollinated by multiple species of fig-pollinating wasps, it has been su...

Figs (Ficus; ca 750 species) and fig wasps (Agaoninae) are obligate mutualists: all figs are pollinated by agaonines that feed exclusively on figs. This extraordinary symbiosis is the most extreme example of specialization in a plant-pollinator interaction and has fuelled much speculation about co-divergence. The hypothesis that pollinator specialization led to the parallel diversification of f...

Field observation of water temperature in Lake Inawashiro has been carried out in 1999. Spatial variation of the temperature in the whole area of the lake can be obtained using a simple linear interpolation method, as seen in the figures. In Figs.1 and 2, strong wind from the left caused deepening of the interfacial layer on the right hand side. Subsequently, upwelling of cold water was observe...

Figs and fig pollinators have co-evolved species-specific systems of mutualism. So far, it was unknown how visual opsin genes of pollinators have evolved in the light conditions inside their host figs. We cloned intact full-length mRNA sequences of four opsin genes from a species of fig pollinator, Ceratosolen solmsi, and tested for selective pressure and expressional plasticity of these genes....

Molecular techniques are revealing increasing numbers of morphologically similar but co-existing cryptic species, challenging the niche theory. To understand the co-existence mechanism, we studied phenologies of morphologically similar species of fig wasps that pollinate the creeping fig (F. pumila) in eastern China. We compared phenologies of fig wasp emergence and host flowering at sites wher...