1 “... those involved in alcohol research and prevention programs should pay greater attention to patterns of drinking, since these patterns are important determinants of both the positive and negative consequences of drinking. Indeed, preliminary evidence indicates that patterns of drinking may be more important than levels of alcohol consumption in predicting whether people will experience pr...

Background For individuals with HIV, heavy drinking can interfere with medication adherence and impair liver function. Yet, many individuals with HIV drink heavily. A recent alcohol intervention trial [1] indicated that motivational interviewing (MI) enhanced with HealthCall (consisting of selfmonitoring and discussion of drinking data collected through self-monitoring) was effective at reducin...

patients and methods the study was conducted among 40 young rural pregnant women, 12 to 20 years old by implementing a questionnaire during 2012 to 2013 in four villages in southeast of iran. the women were exposed to high-risk factors such as shortage or lack of drinking water, high pressure electric power sources and chemicals released from burning gas both from cooking and cars as a fuel. th...

background and aims. the aim of the present study was to systematically review fluoride concentration of drinking waters and prevalence of fluorosis in iran through systematically evaluating results of studies conducted in this regard. materials and methods. in this systematic review study, the required data was collected using keywords including drinking water fluoride, fluoride concentration,...

fluoride is an essential element for human health. however, excess fluoride in drinking water may cause dental and/or skeletal fluorosis. drinking water is the main route of fluoride intake. the aim of the present study was to measure fluoride levels in human breast milk collected from two regions of golestan province, northern iran with different amount of fluoride concentration of drinking wa...

BACKGROUND There are limited longitudinal data on the associations between different social contexts of alcohol use and risky adolescent drinking. METHODS Australian prospective longitudinal cohort of 1943 adolescents with 6 assessment waves at ages 14-17 years. Drinkers were asked where and how frequently they drank. Contexts were: at home with family, at home alone, at a party with friends,...

BACKGROUND Exposure to permissive minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) laws not only affects young adults in the short term, but also later in life; for example, individuals who could legally purchase alcohol before the age of 21 are more likely to suffer from drinking problems as older adults, long after the laws had been changed. However, it is not known how permissive MLDA exposure affects spec...

Motivational models of alcohol consumption have articulated the manner in which positive and negative experiences motivate drinking in unique social contexts (e.g., M. L. Cooper, M. R. Frone, M. Russell & P. Mudar, 1995, Drinking to regulate positive and negative emotions: A motivational model of alcohol use, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 69, pp. 990-1005). Daily process me...

BACKGROUND Binge drinking (drinking on a single occasion >or=5 drinks for men or >or=4 drinks for women) is a common risk behavior among U.S. adults that is associated with many adverse health and social consequences. However, little is known about binge drinking among active-duty military personnel (ADMP). The objectives of this study were to quantify episodes of binge drinking, to characteriz...

BACKGROUND Brief alcohol intervention may improve outcomes for injury patients with hazardous drinking but is less effective with increased severity of alcohol involvement. This study evaluated a brief method for detecting problem drinking in minor trauma patients and differentiating hazardous drinkers from those with more severe alcohol problems. METHODS Subjects included 60 minor trauma pat...