conclusions the fluoride content of drinking water in reservoirs and at homes was below the optimal level in mariwan. no differences were observed from the standard levels in behbahan. there were no differences in fluoride content of water in reservoirs and in home pipelines, indicating no tangible changes in fluoride content from the reservoirs to the homes. in neither of the towns was severe ...

background: radioactive substances are water chemical contaminants. in this study, the concentration of radon was measured in drinking water supplies of taft villages (part of dehshir-baft fault located in central part of iran) and also shirkooh area with granite rocks (containing uranium). materials and methods: this cross sectional research was conducted in fall 2013 and winter 2014 on the so...

background: cadmium (cd) is an extremely toxic metal and environmental exposure to cd has been particularly problematic in the world. oral exposure to cd may result in adverse effects on a number of tissues, the immune system, and the cardiovascular system. compounds containing cd are also carcinogenic. the presence of cd in drinking water resources in the southeastern region of rafsanjan plain...

Diseases associated with viruses also found in environmental samples cause major health problems in developing countries. Little is known about the frequency and pattern of viral contamination of drinking water sources in these resource-poor settings. We established a method to analyze 10 liters of water from drinking water sources in a rural area of Benin for the presence of adenoviruses and r...

patients and methods the study was conducted among 40 young rural pregnant women, 12 to 20 years old by implementing a questionnaire during 2012 to 2013 in four villages in southeast of iran. the women were exposed to high-risk factors such as shortage or lack of drinking water, high pressure electric power sources and chemicals released from burning gas both from cooking and cars as a fuel. th...

fluoride is an essential element for human health. however, excess fluoride in drinking water may cause dental and/or skeletal fluorosis. drinking water is the main route of fluoride intake. the aim of the present study was to measure fluoride levels in human breast milk collected from two regions of golestan province, northern iran with different amount of fluoride concentration of drinking wa...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the installation of deep tube wells to reduce exposure to groundwater arsenic in rural Bangladesh had an effect on the incidence of childhood diarrhoeal disease. METHODS Episodes of diarrhoeal disease in children aged under 5 years that occurred on one specified day each month between 2005 and 2006 were reported to community health workers for six rural villages...

Microbial ecology, activity, and abundance of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria in engineered drinking water and wastewater systems

Water distribution systems are complex interconnected networks that require extensive planning and maintenance to ensure that the drinking water is delivered to the consumers. Lack of adequate water supply in urban areas is due to aging water distribution systems and inadequate maintenance of this critical infrastructure (Bhave 2003). The reliability of such deteriorating systems is continually...

In parallel with such important things as an air for breathing and water for drinking, food is one of the most important factors in the life support systems. It is known that a humanbeing can not survive a few minutes without breathing the air, several days without drinking the water, and slightly longer, however not very long, i.e. 25-30 days without a food. At the same time, the food products...