We have developed a gene transfection method called water-in-oil droplet electroporation (EP) that uses a dielectric oil and a liquid droplet containing live cells and exogenous DNA. When a cell suspension droplet is placed between a pair of electrodes, an intense DC electric field can induce droplet deformation, resulting in an instantaneous short circuit caused by the droplet elongating and c...

Using an aqueous two-phase system comprised of dextran and polyethylene glycol, this article describes the stable spatial patterning of sub-microlitre droplets of bacterial suspensions. Microdroplets of different types of bacterial populations are positioned and maintained adjacent to each other without significant dispersion even though the bacteria are in suspension and not surface bound. Sma...

Experiments were conducted in order to study and characterize electrohydrodynamic atomization in the simple-jet mode for inviscid liquids. The operational window of this mode regarding the electric potential and liquid flow rate is presented. From the data it could be concluded that this mode can be divided by the characteristics of its breakup mechanism and that these characteristics are a fun...

Microfluidic systems with splitting structures are excellent for increasing emulsion production. However, traditional two-dimensional (2D) lithographic systems require complex modification of the microchannel surfaces and achieve only 2D splitting of the droplets. Herein, we present new glass capillary microfluidic devices that perform three-dimensional (3D) splitting of droplets. These devices...

The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of physico-chemical parameters on liquid–liquid dispersion at high dispersed phase concentration in Sulzer SMV mixer. Four different oil-in-water systems involving two different surfactants are used in order to evaluate the effect of interfacial tension, densities and viscosities ratio on mean droplets size diameters. Moreover the influence ...

Different ad hoc threshold functions associated with the autoconversion process have been arbitrarily used in atmospheric models. However, it is unclear how these ad hoc functions impact model results. Here systematic investigations of the sensitivities of climatically-important properties: CF (cloud fraction), LWP (liquid water path), and AIE (aerosol indirect effect) to threshold functions ha...

Model microemulsion networks of oil droplets stabilized by non-ionic surfactant and telechelic polymer C18 -PEO(10k)- C18 have been studied for two droplet-to-polymer size ratios. The rheological properties of the networks have been measured as a function of network connectivity and can be described in terms of simple percolation laws. The network structure has been characterised by Small Angle...

The use of robust and accurate Eulerian/Eulerian formulations in the modeling of reactive two-phase flow would be a major step forward in the framework of turbulent combustion modeling with massively parallel supercomputers. Therefore, the ability of the Eulerian multi-fluid model to capture all stages of turbulent spray combustion has been tested and compared with a usual Lagrangian formulatio...

Perilipin (PLIN) proteins constitute an ancient family important in lipid droplet (LD) formation and triglyceride metabolism. We identified an additional PLIN clade (plin6) that is unique to teleosts and can be traced to the two whole genome duplications that occurred early in vertebrate evolution. Plin6 is highly expressed in skin xanthophores, which mediate red/yellow pigmentation and traffic...

Micro/sub-micron emulsion and related systems have received a lot of attention in the last years for their common use as vehicles for topical administration. These systems can be defined as fine emulsion dispersion with droplet sizes in the sub-micron range, and consisted of an aqueous phase, oily phase, and surfactants that are necessary for stabilizing the interface and forming the drops [1]....