HTI-286, a synthetic analogue of hemiasterlin, depolymerizes microtubules and is proposed to bind at the Vinca peptide site in tubulin. It has excellent in vivo antitumor activity in human xenograft models, including tumors that express P-glycoprotein, and is in phase II clinical evaluation. To identify potential mechanisms of resistance induced by HTI-286, KB-3-1 epidermoid carcinoma cells wer...

Cellular resistance to platinum anticancer compounds is governed by no less than two molecular processes; DNA repair and cellular accumulation of drug. Gli1 is an upstream regulator of nucleotide excision repair, effecting this process through c-jun. We, therefore, investigated whether Gli1 plays a role in cellular accumulation of cisplatin. Using a Gli1-specific shRNA, we explored the role of ...

Fluoroquinolones enter eukaryotic cells but the correlation between cellular accumulation and activity remains poorly established. Gemifloxacin is known to accumulate to a larger extent than most other fluoroquinolones in tissues. Using murine J774 macrophages and human THP-1 monocytes, we show that gemifloxacin accumulates more than ciprofloxacin and even moxifloxacin. Whilst showing indisting...

PURPOSE Knowledge of drug concentrations in tumors is critical for understanding the determinants of drug accumulation in tumors. Because significant obstacles prevent making these measurements in humans, development of a predictive pharmacokinetic model would be of great value to the translation of preclinical data to the clinic. Our goal was to show how the latter could be achieved for temozo...

Long-circulating drug carriers are highly desirable in drug delivery system. However, nonspecific protein adsorption leaves a great challenge in drug delivery of intravenous administration and significantly affects both the pharmacokinetic profiles of the carrier and drugs, resulting in negatively affect of therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, it is important to make surface modification of drug ...

The role of lysosomes in acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of genetic and drug-induced lysosomal cholesterol (LC) accumulation in APAP hepatotoxicity. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase)(-/-) mice exhibit LC accumulation and higher mortality after APAP overdose compared to ASMase(+/+) littermates. ASMase(-/-) hepatocytes display lower threshol...

Lipid accumulation within the lumen of endolysosomal vesicles is observed in various pathologies including atherosclerosis, liver disease, neurological disorders, lysosomal storage disorders, and cancer. Current methods cannot measure lipid flux specifically within the lysosomal lumen of live cells. We developed an optical reporter, composed of a photoluminescent carbon nanotube of a single chi...

Using a preclinical in vivo model of arthritis and the gold standard disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, methotrexate, pH-responsive phosphorylcholine polymersomes, elicit both anti-inflammatory anti-arthritic therapeutic efficacy, while drastically minimizing off-target toxicity. First, selective accumulation polymersomes within synovium inflamed joints. Second, targeting ability toward act...

The accumulation of daunomycin in drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant human KB cells was examined using light microscopy to detect the inherent fluorescence of daunomycin. Intracellular accumulation of fluorescent drug occurred rapidly in parental KB cells and was markedly reduced in several multidrug-resistant mutants. The addition of verapamil, which reverses multidrug resistance, resulted...

Fluconazole-susceptible Candida albicans strains accumulated [3H]fluconazole at a rate of approximately 2 pmol/min per 10(9) cells. Fluconazole accumulation was not affected by the pretreatment of cells with sodium azide or with 2-deoxyglucose. The rate of fluconazole accumulation became saturated at high fluconazole concentrations and was not affected by the addition of ketoconazole, and there...