The study described here investigated the impact of intestinal excretion (IE; excretion of drug directly from circulation to intestinal lumen), enteroenteric recirculation (EER), and renal tubule recirculation (RTR) on apixaban pharmacokinetics and disposition. The experimental approaches involve integrating apixaban elimination pathways with pharmacokinetic profiles obtained from bile ductcann...

The study described here investigated the impact of intestinal excretion (IE; excretion of drug directly from circulation to intestinal lumen), enteroenteric recirculation (EER), and renal tubule recirculation (RTR) on apixaban pharmacokinetics and disposition. The experimental approaches involve integrating apixaban elimination pathways with pharmacokinetic profiles obtained from bile duct-can...

BACKGROUND The intestine is an increasingly well-recognized site of first-pass drug metabolism. In this study, we determined the influence of dietary salt on the steady-state disposition of verapamil, a drug that undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight normal volunteers received 120 mg of racemic verapamil orally twice a day for 21 days. The disposition kinetics o...

P harmacokinetics is a term that describes the time course and fate of a drug in the body. The term encompasses drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination and is often referred to as drug disposition.1 Absorption is defined as the process by which a drug enters the systemic circulation, distribution is the movement of the drug between body compartments, and metabolism encompasse...

PURPOSE The use of supplements as herbal and micronutrient natural health products with conventional health products has become increasingly popular. It has been reported that some herbal products can inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism and drug disposition. This study was designed to investigate a case report of a severe adverse event to determine the potential interact...

Freshly isolated hepatocytes are considered the gold standard for in vitro studies of hepatic drug disposition. To ensure a reliable supply of cells, cryopreserved human hepatocytes are often used. ABC-superfamily drug efflux transporters are key elements in hepatic drug disposition. These transporters are often considered lost after isolation of hepatocytes. In the present study, the expressio...