BACKGROUND The main treatments in a majority of headache patients are pharmacologic therapies. As a result, it is imperative to have strong background in pharmacotherapy used to treat headaches in order to provide optimal therapy and avoid drug interactions. One of the main reasons for failure of pharmacologic treatment of headaches is drug-drug interactions (DDIs). While there are many distinc...

Concomitant use of several drugs by ICU( Intensive Care Unit) patients is often unavoidable. In these patients, pharmacokinetic drug interactions are very likely. The current study was designed to evaluate these interactions in patients hospitalized in an ICU of a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. A questionnaire was designed and used to collect study data. The study was done in the ICU of a t...

Concomitant use of several drugs by ICU( Intensive Care Unit) patients is often unavoidable. In these patients, pharmacokinetic drug interactions are very likely. The current study was designed to evaluate these interactions in patients hospitalized in an ICU of a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. A questionnaire was designed and used to collect study data. The study was done in the ICU of a t...

background: adverse cutaneous drug reactions (acdrs) are the most commonly reported adverse drug events. the causative drugs and clinical patterns of acdrs are different in various populations. this study was conducted to identify the clinical patterns, causative drugs and reasons for drug administration in patients hospitalized due to acdr. materials and methods: this retrospective study was c...

The consensus of current international guidelines for the treatment of HIV infection is that data on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (Pls) provide a framework for the implementation of TDM in certain defined scenarios in clinical practice. However, the utility of TDM is considered to be on an individual basis ...

Orally delivered small-molecule therapeutics are metabolized in the liver and intestine by phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), and transport proteins coordinate drug influx (phase 0) and drug/drug-metabolite efflux (phase III). Genes involved in drug metabolism and disposition are induced by xenobiotic-activated nuclear receptors (NRs), i.e. PXR (pregnane X receptor) and CAR ...

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are defined as two or more drugs interacting in such a manner that the effectiveness or toxicity of one or more drugs is altered. DDI in patients receiving multidrug therapy is a major concern. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of DDIs in patients admitted in cardiology unit of a teaching hospital. A prospective, observationa...

Drug–drug interaction is one of the important problems of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR). This presentation describes a data mining approach to this problem developed at the University of Ballarat. This approach is based on drug–reaction relationships represented in the form of a vector of weights; each vector related to a particular drug can be considered as a pattern in causing adverse drug reac...

Polypharmacy is common in cardiovascular medicine, and drug–drug interactions may cause many unwarranted adverse effects. Today, most interactions are identified from premarket studies, based on knowledge of mechanisms of action, or from reports of potential adverse drug reactions. Presumably, many interactions are unknown because only a small fraction of adverse drug effects is reported. Impor...

Knowledge of drug interactions among antiretroviral agents and other drugs used by HIV-infected patients is essential to maintaining safety and efficacy of drug treatment. Often, the clinical impact of drug-drug interactions cannot be predicted on the basis of pharmacokinetic interactions alone, highlighting the need for studies and analyses that provide exposure-response data. Drug interaction...