The amended Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act requires efficacy certification for a drug’s initial uses (“on-label”), but does not require certification before physicians may prescribe the drug for subsequent uses (“off-label”). Does it make sense to require FDA efficacy certification for new drugs but not for new uses of old drugs? Using a sequential online survey we carried on a “virtual conversat...

Fixed dose combinations (FDCs) are generally considered desirable options in chronic diseases such as tuberculosis, cardiovascular & diabetes, tropical malaria HIV and Cancer. FDCs useful conditions especially when multiple disorders often co-exist The advantages of the FDC basically patients compliance, simple dosage schedule, better efficacy, cheaper shipment packaging activities. drawbac...

Background and purpose: It is extremely important to recognize the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of this type of waste before any planning on them due to the lack of the prepared program in the field of household hazardous waste (HHW) management in the country. This research has been done in Babol, Iran, in order to achieve this important goal. Materials and Methods: The cross-se...

Body malodour, including foot odour, suppresses social interaction by diminishing self-confidence and accelerating damage to the wearer's clothes and shoes. Most treatment agents, including aluminium anti-perspirant salts, inhibit the growth of malodourous bacteria. These metallic salts also reduce sweat by blocking the excretory ducts of sweat glands, minimizing the water source that supports ...

Biosimilars are protein products that are sufficiently similar to a biopharmaceutical already approved by a regulatory agency. Several biotechnology companies and generic drug manufacturers in Asia and Europe are developing biosimilars of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and rituximab. A biosimilar etanercept is already being marketed in Colombia and China. In the US, several natural source pro...