Reactive ion etching (RIE) using fluorocarbon chemistry is widely used to open contact holes in dielectric layers for very large scale integration (VLSI) since it provides high anisotropy and selectivity over Si. However, it is known that the RIE leaves fluorocarbon residues on the exposed surface after etching of silicon dioxide [1,2]. These residue layers were reported to be nonvolatile, chem...

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are present at over two-thirds of Superfund, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), and U.S. Department of Defense sites (EPA 1996). Thus, remediation of VOCs is a top concern to the Environmental Protection Agency. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a persistent VOC contaminant that infiltrates soil and ground water from improper disposal of dry cleanin...

WuXianGouXiang is an O2O(offline to online and vice versa)-based mobile application that recommends the nearby coupons and deals for users, by which users can also follow the shops they are interested in. If the potential followers of a shop can be discovered, the merchant’s targeted advertising can be more effective and the recommendations for users will also be improved. In this paper, we pro...

This paper develops an evaluation and enhancement approach of the carbon footprints (CFs) based environmentally sustainable service competitiveness for coffees shops. Firstly, the proposed approach uses the service blueprint to analyse the service process of coffee shops and the working times of the required direct facilities and the supporting facilities to estimate the amounts of greenhouse g...

objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cleaning ability and instrumentation time of manual and rotary methods used for preparation of primary anterior teeth. materials and methods: forty-four primary anterior teeth were used in this experimental study. access cavities were prepared and india ink was injected into the canals. the samples were divided into three groups a...

A healthcare company purchased property in eastern Iowa for a facility expansion. Before the purchase, a Phase I environmental site assessment (ESA) revealed that the property was the site of a former dry cleaning business. Phase II sampling and testing indicated that tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) had affected site soil and groundwater. Maximum concentrations of PCE and TCE ...

A healthcare company purchased property in eastern Iowa for a facility expansion. Before the purchase, a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) revealed that the property was the site of a former dry cleaning business. Phase II sampling and testing indicated that tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) had affected site soil and groundwater. Maximum concentrations of PCE and TCE ...

Metalworking fluid (MWF) aerosols are associated with respiratory disorders including asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The aims of this study were to describe exposure to inhalable MWF aerosols and volatile compounds in machine shops, to estimate the influence of important determinants of exposure and to compare different sampling techniques for MWF aerosols. Personal full-shift air sam...

In this paper we consider a repair shop location problem with uncertainties in demand. New local repair shops have to be opened at a number of locations. At these local repair shops, customers arrive with broken, but repairable, items. Customers go to the nearest open repair shop. Since they want to leave as soon as possible, a (small) inventory of working items is kept at the repair shops. A c...