Mitochondria plays a vital role in a wide range of biological processes in human health and diseases. They are considered to be important organelles responsible for cellular apoptosis or programmed cell death. Therefore, the targeting of chemotherapy towards mitochondria would be highly desirable. Herein, we developed a pH-sensitive polymer that is designed for the subcellular co-delivery of an...

While 3-D tissue models have received increasing attention over the past several decades in the development of traditional anti-cancer therapies, their potential application for the evaluation of advanced drug delivery systems such as nanomedicines has been largely overlooked. In particular, new insight into drug resistance associated with the 3-D tumor microenvironment has called into question...

Co-delivery of microRNAs and chemotherapeutic drugs into tumor cells is an attractive strategy for synergetic breast cancer therapy due to their complementary mechanisms. In this work, a core-shell nanocarrier coated by cationic albumin was developed to simultaneously deliver miRNA-34a and docetaxel (DTX) into breast cancer cells for improved therapeutic effect. The co-delivery nanocarriers sho...

Okadaic acid (OA) group are diarrheal shellfish poison that accumulates in the midgut glands of shellfish. It is difficult to remove these poisons by normal cooking because they thermally stable and hydrophobicity. Therefore, order prevent foodborne disease due poison, analysis liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) before shipment necessary. Herein selective analytical met...

Cerebellar basket cells form highly specialized inhibitory synaptic contacts with Purkinje cells, namely the pericellular basket and pinceau nerve terminal structures, wrapping around the Purkinje cell somatic and axon hillock regions. These inhibitory synaptic contacts are ideally located to control the ultimate output of the cerebellar cortex. Previous immunohistochemical studies have shown t...

Cholinergic input to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is known to contribute to reward. Although it is known that the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) provides an important source of excitatory input to the dopamine system, the specific role of PPTg cholinergic input to the VTA in cocaine reward has not been previously determined. We used a diphtheria toxin conjugated to urotensin-II (...

The present study describes the occurrence of an anaphylactic reaction after the administration of the fifth booster dose of DT vaccine in a six-year-old child. Skin test, in vitro determinations of specific IgE antibodies and immunoblotting assays showed that the IgE response was directed against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Dtx). IgG antibodies were also detected by ELISA and immunoblottin...

Although dendritic cells (DCs) are adept initiators of CD4(+) T cell responses, their fundamental importance in this regard in Th2 settings remains to be demonstrated. We have used CD11c-diphtheria toxin (DTx) receptor mice to deplete CD11c(+) cells during the priming stage of the CD4(+) Th2 response against the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni. DTx treatment significantly depleted CD11c(...

This document describes a RTP [1] payload format for transporting comfort noise. The payload format is based on Appendix II of ITU-T Recommendation G.711 [8] which defines a comfort noise payload format (or bit-stream) for ITU-T G.711 [2] use in packet-based multimedia communication systems. The payload format is generic and may also be used with other audio codecs without built-in Discontinuou...

• State-F: Forward Outliers p(dx|Zx,mx = 1) = Uf (dx|Zx) = Uf · 1[dtxZx]. For the purpose to combine all the three states into a united model and describe the overall likelihood that the input depth samples fit the current static structure, we use a mixture model similar to the Gaussian Mixture Model [1]. Together with ...