Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is an uncommon tumor of young adults that typically occurs supratentorially. It is generally considered to be a low-grade, circumscribed tumor that when treated by surgical resection has a relatively favorable outcome. Cases of cerebellar PXA are rare, and those associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are even less common, with only 2 cases reported to...

Cowden syndrome (CS) is clinically presented by multiple hamartomas, often with mucocutaneous lesions, goiter, breast cancer and gastrointestinal polyps. CS is a genetic disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance and is one distinct syndrome of the phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) hamartoma tumor spectrum. Noteworthy, PTEN germline mutations are related to a wide range of ...

1Public Health Agency of Canada; 2Canadian Paediatric Society, Ottawa, Ontario Correspondence: Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program, 2305 St Laurent Boulevard, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 4J8. Telephone 613-526-9397 ext 239, fax 613-526-3332, e-mail [email protected] Accepted for publication March 2, 2011 Surveillance is a key component of the practice of medicine, which enables the tracking and studying...

SUMMARY Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) is a rare cerebellar lesion with features of both malformation and benign neoplasm. However, the fundamental nature of the entity, its pathogenesis, and the exact genetic alterations remain unknown. We describe MR findings (including perfusion- and diffusion-weighted images) in two patients with LDD, as well as findings from single-photon emission CT (SPEC...

1). Context dependent protective or promotive laminin function Reference|Spenlé, C., Lefebvre, O., Lacroute, J., Méchine-Neuville, A., Barreau, F., Blottière, H.M., Duclos, B., Arnold, C., Hussenet. T., Hemmerlé, J., Gullberg, D., Kedinger, M., Sorokin, L., Orend, G., Simon-Assmann, P. “The laminin response in inflammatory bowel disease: protection or malignancy?” 2014. PLoS One 9(10):e111336. ...

Qudit toric codes are a natural higher-dimensional generalization of the wellstudied qubit toric code. However, standard methods for error correction of the qubit toric code are not applicable to them. Novel decoders are needed. In this paper we introduce two renormalization group decoders for qudit codes and analyse their error correction thresholds and efficiency. The first decoder is a gener...