To meet the exploding demand for Internet and broad-band services, dense wavelength-division-multiplexing systems have been extended from long-haul transmission systems to metropolitan and access area networks. In such systems, compact and conventional arrayed-waveguide grating multi/demultiplexers are required to reduce the cost of the systems. The evolution of broadband services will depend o...

An alternative to a classical wavelength interferometer (an array of hand-assembled etalons consisting of two semitransparent mirrors separated by a fixed-cavity) is the implementation of wide band tunable filter using Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. This approach will allow a single tunable device to replace an array of fixed-cavity filters reducing cost and parts. MEMS tech...

ICT services are a key element of communications and important for socio-economic development. In recognition of the importance of this, the Tanzanian Government started to implement a National ICT Broadband Infrastructure Fibre Optic Backbone (NICTBB) in 2009; this development was planned to be implemented in four phases using an optical dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) network te...