Cervical dystonia is a subtype of tardive dyskinesia characterized by smooth, sustained muscle contractions affecting the head, neck, and shoulders. This condition can be caused antipsychotic medication exposure. It has significant impact on patient’s quality life represents treatment challenge for providers. We present case 26-year-old male with history schizophrenia treated medications who pr...

Neuroleptics are widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders. Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a late complication of prolonged neuroleptic treatment. Despite much research, the pathogenesis of TD remains elusive. It may be caused by loss of dopaminergic cells, due to free radicals as a product of high synaptic dopamine levels. Tardive dyskinesia has b...

Neuroleptics are widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders. Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a late complication of prolonged neuroleptic treatment. Despite much research, the pathogenesis of TD remains elusive. It may be caused by loss of dopaminergic cells, due to free radicals as a product of high synaptic dopamine levels. Tardive dyskinesia has b...

objective: tardive dyskinesia (td), is one of the important problems of the patients with schizophrenia. the emergence of these side effects depends on so many factors such as the patients' age and the duration of antipsychotic treatment. by discovering new drugs (atypical), there has been an outstanding decrease in the emergence of these side effects. the present study investigates the symptom...

Schizophrenia occurs in 1% of the population and is severely impairing to those afflicted. Thereby, it utmost importance recognize treat disorder as early possible. For last several decades research has attempted elucidate a variety predictive factors order aid identification patients at high risk developing schizophrenia spectrum disorder. These have included premorbid or prodromal movement sy...