Protein production is essential for plant development, responses to environmental stimuli, and hormone signaling. Equally essential is the flip side of this process: removing key regulatory proteins so that the response ceases. In many cases, such as auxin responses and photomorphogenesis, this is accomplished by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. The ubiquitin pathway targets specific proteins fo...

This paper studies the existence of eecient (small size) ampliiers for proving explicit inaproximability results for bounded degree and bounded occurrence combinatorial optimization problems, and gives an explicit construction for such ampliiers. We use this construction to improve the currently best known approximation lower bounds for bounded occurrence instances of linear equations mod 2, an...

The Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway (UPP) has become a target rich pathway for therapeutic intervention as its role in pathogenic disease is better understood. In particular many E3 ligases within this pathway have been implicated in cancer, inflammation and metabolic diseases. It has been of great interest to develop biochemical assays to identify inhibitors of catalytic E3 ubiquitination activit...

The RING domain of MDM2 that is essential for its E3 ligase activity mediates binding to itself and its structural homologue MDMX. Whereas it has been reported that RING domain interactions are critical, it is not well understood how they affect the E3 ligase activity of MDM2. We report that the E3 ligase activity requires the RING domain-dependent complex formation. In vivo, MDM2 and MDMX hete...

Background. SOCS proteins are known to negatively regulate insulin signaling by inhibiting insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1). IRS1 has been reported to be a substrate for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Given that SOCS proteins can function as substrate receptor subunits of Cullin-5 E3 ubiquitin ligases, we examined whether Cullin-5 dependent ubiquitination is involved in the reg...

Protein modification by ubiquitin (UB) controls diverse cellular processes. UB is conjugated to cellular proteins by sequential transfer through an E1-E2-E3 enzymatic cascade. The cross-activities of 2 E1s, 50 E2s and thousands of E3s encoded by the human genome make it difficult to identify the substrate proteins of a specific E3 enzyme in the cell. One way to solve this problem is to engineer...

Posidonia oceanica waste biomass has been valorized to develop bioactive multifunctional cellulosic aerogels (HCAG) by simpler and greener protocols. Hydrophobization of was achieved through PLA coating, while bioactivity imparted the incorporation hydrophilic (E2) hydrophobic extracts (E3) produced from same biomass. The led denser aerogels, with less porous structures. These showed outstandin...

Although the increase in number of identified posttranslational modifications (PTMs) has substantially improved our knowledge about substrate site specificity single PTMs, fact that different types PTMs can crosstalk and act concert to exert important regulatory mechanisms for protein function not gained much attention. Here, we show kinase Cδ (PKCδ) is SUMOylated at lysine 473 its C-terminal c...

Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist that genetic and non-genetic factors affected on its doserequirement in the patients with cardio vascular disease. The aim of this study was whetherthe APOE and VKORC1 polymorphisms influence on warfarin dose requirements in the partof Iranian patients. Blood samples were collected from 86 warfarin-treated patients. Afterextraction of genomic DNA, the VKORC1 (...