Both prior research and the popular financial press suggest that earnings smoothing is associated with higher valuations, per dollar of reported earnings. Apparently, smoothing causes reported earnings to be a less noisy measure of “permanent” earnings that can be sustained over the longterm. We extend those results to examine whether earnings smoothing is associated with higher valuations per ...

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In his survey of research on social mobility and U.S. immigration, George Borjas underscores two insights. First, most immigrants are at a sizable earnings disadvantage, relative to native-born workers. Second, the earnings of different groups of immigrants vary widely. The children of immigrants "catch up" to native-born workers slowly. The jump in relative wages between the first and second g...

Hanlon (2005) and Lev and Nissim (2004) provide rather compelling evidence that book-tax differences, on average, are systematically related to earnings growth, future stock returns, and earnings persistence. Among other implications, these studies suggest that book-tax differences are useful measures in evaluating firm performance. Consistent with these studies, Shevlin (2002) and Hanlon, Lapl...

Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data on young men, we estimate the longterm effects of youth unemployment on later labor market outcomes. A spell of involuntary unemployment can lead to sub-optimal investments in human capital among young people in the short run. A theoretical model of dynamic human capital investment predicts a rational “catch-up” response to such a spell. Using se...

This research aimed to study the behavior of real earnings management and earnings management based on accruals to achieve an average profitability of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, we focus on the optional operating cash flow, optional cost and production cost as real earnings management representatives as well as discretionary accruals as an earnings management acco...

This paper examines the relation between smooth past earnings performance and the credibility of voluntary management earnings forecasts. Specifically, using strings of increasing earnings per share as our measure of past performance, we demonstrate that both analyst forecast revisions and stock price reactions around management earnings forecasts are more pronounced when the firm has posted a ...

This study utilized a data envelopment analysis model to the performance persistence of 16 asset management institutions. When we evaluate based on capital efficiency (or productivity) ratio, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) margin, return investment (ROI), find that only one bank has consistently outperformed its peers every year from 2014 2019. add tax ...

This meta-analysis utilizes 24 papers published between 2012 and 2020 that focus on earnings differences by sexual orientation. The cover the period 1991 2018, countries in Europe, North America, Australia. indicates gay men earned less than heterosexual men. Lesbian women more women, while bisexual Bisexual women. According to meta-analysis, data sets after 2010, continue experience penalties,...

This study examines the relation of corporate earnings management to firm size. We observe that firm size plays differing roles in earnings management: Small-sized firms engage in more earnings management to avoid reporting losses than largeor medium-sized firms. On the other hand, largeand medium-sized firms exhibit more aggressive earnings management to avoid reporting earnings decreases than...