The South-to-North Water Transfer (SNWT) Project of China is the largest of its kind ever implemented. Of its three routes (i.e., East, Middle and West), the middle one will transfer 14 billion m(3) of water annually from the Han River, a tributary of the Yangtze and the water supplying area, to Beijing by 2030. Thus water quality in the 95,000 km(2) upper Han River basin is of great concern. A...

The ancient Hungarians originated from the Ural region in today's central Russia and migrated across the Eastern European steppe, according to historical sources. The Hungarians conquered the Carpathian Basin 895-907 AD, and admixed with the indigenous communities. Here we present mitochondrial DNA results from three datasets: one from the Avar period (7(th)-9(th) centuries) of the Carpathian B...

The Bohai Basin was transformed to an inner shelf sea hundreds of thousands years ago. This youngest land-sea transition participated in the significant modification of the distribution of fresh water, sediment fluxes and climate in East Asia, and played an important role in the origin of the Asian marginal seas. Here we present the results of a magnetostratigraphic investigation and propose a ...

Figure 11 Average depth of magma lens reflections beneath ridges versus spreading rate. The curved line shows the depth to the 12003C isotherm calculated from the ridge thermal model of Phipps Morgan J and Chen YJ (1993) Journal of Geophysical Research 98: 6283}6297. Data from different ridges are labeled Reykjanes Ridge (RR), Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdF), Costa Rica Rift (CRR), Lau Basin (Lau), no...

The Great Basin and Plateau encompass a vast region of western North America bracketed on the west by the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountains and the east by the Rocky Mountains (Figure 1). The region is diverse but characterized by ecologically limiting, generally more arid conditions, and higher elevations than other parts of North America. It is also characterized by a type of archaeology th...

Rossby waves are an important phenomenon, linking processes in the west of ocean basins with forcing that occurred earlier in the east. We show evidence for such features in satellite-derived datasets of sea-surface height, temperature and ocean colour, using a section of the south Indian Ocean as an example. We discuss the possible mechanisms for an effect on chlorophyll, and we investigate th...

Some methodologies were compared in providing erosion maps of surface, rill and gully and erosion features, in research which took place in the Varamin sub-basin, north-east Tehran, Iran. A photomorphic unit map was produced from processed satellite images, and four other maps were prepared by the integration of different data layers, including slope, plant cover, geology, land use, rocks erodi...

The Amazon River basin region is a vast territory with an area >7 million km2, encompassing parts of 9 South American countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. The Amazon River, the longest river in the world, traverses the region from west to east, fed by multiple tributaries. The region also contains the largest tropical rainforest in...

East-northeast extension ca. 24 Ma at Rodeo and Nazas, México, was accompanied by eruption of hawaiites, marking some of the earliest intraplate-type mafic alkalic volcanism associated with development of the southern Basin and Range Province. An earlier extensional pulse, 32.3–30.6 Ma, concurrent with subductionrelated rhyolitic volcanism of the Sierra Madre Occidental, is the earliest establi...