Long-term fertility experiments with replications are often statistically analyzed as split plots in time. Years are often shown to be significantly different and the inconsistency of treatment effects over years enters into significant year-by-treatment interactions which are difficult to interpret. The objectives of this study were to evaluate long-term fertility experiments by stability anal...

A recent study (Yin et al., 2010) showed that combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) with the strategies of scatter search (SS) and path relinking (PR) produces a Cyber Swarm Algorithm that creates a more effective form of PSO than methods that do not incorporate such mechanisms. This paper proposes a Complementary Cyber Swarm Algorithm (C/CyberSA) that performs in the same league as the o...

have high level expression of COX-2 (Eberhart et al., Colon cancer is a paradigm for the multistep genetic 1994; Sano et al., 1995; Kutchera et al., 1996). The work basis of cancer. Several initiating mutations have been reported by Oshima et al. (1996) clearly demonstrates identified by studying families with inherited predisposithat COX-2 lies on the standard route from mutations tion to colo...

Concerns about the genetic erosion of crop genetic resources (CGR) were first articulated by scientists in the mid-20th century and have since become an important part of national policies and international treaties. The C-8 (Plant Genetic Resources) section of the Crop Science Society of America (CSSA) was created in 1990 in response to these concerns. Over the last 50 yr, both ex situ and in ...

In view of the shortcomings of the test data generation algorithm including particle swarm optimization algorithm and ant colony algorithm, a new algorithm is proposed, which is based on the combination of particle swarm algorithm and parameter adjustment. This algorithm can dynamically adjust its search capabilities based on the fitness value of particles , combine the advantages of particle s...

Cutting parameters play an essential role in the economics of machining. In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO), a novel optimization algorithm for cutting parameters optimization (CPO), was discussed comprehensively. First, the fundamental principle of PSO was introduced; then, the algorithm for PSO application in cutting parameters optimization was developed; thirdly, cutting experi...

Recent observations have shown that shear waves trapped within lowvelocity fault zones may be the most sensitive measure of fault-zone structure (Li e t al. , 1994a, 1994b). Finite-difference simulations demonstrate the effects of several types of complexi ty on observations of fault-zone trapped waves. Overlying sediments with a thickness more than one or two fault-zone widths and fault-zone s...

Proso (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a summer annual grass capable of producing seed in 60 to 90 d. This characteristic, and its effi cient use of water, makes it well suited to the short, and often hot and dry, growing season in the high plains of the central Great Plains. The introduction of novel end-use characteristics such as waxy starch can stimulate an increased market for proso. We evaluated...

Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithm is relatively a simple and recent population based probabilistic approach for global optimization. ABC has been outperformed over some Nature Inspired Algorithms (NIAs) when tested over test problems as well as real world optimization problems. This paper presents an attempt to modify ABC to make it less susceptible to stick at local optima and...

Progress on two main studies on fungal ectomycorrhizal communities in the Sierra National Forest is discussed. One study examined the short-term effects of ground fire on the ectomycorrhizal community and the other examined the ectomycorrhizal associates of snow plant (Sarcodes sanguinea). In the ground-fire study we found that a large initial reduction in ectomycorrhizal biomass is caused prim...