(2008) The CO2 'trade balance' between Scotland and the rest of the UK: Performing a multi-region environmental input-output analysis with limited data, Ecological Economics, 66 (4), pp. 662-673. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may ...

While tropical land clearing in the Brazilian Amazon provides for the livelihoods of Brazilians from a variety of socio-economic backgrounds, it also contributes to changes in climatological and ecological processes at a variety of scales. To develop sustainable approaches that balance the needs of forest users with ecological requirements, further study is needed to investigate the root causes...

The most formal and systematic tool to simplify a real-world phenomenon dealing with the interrelationships between organisms and their environment, including the interaction between each other is an ecological model. Of course, it is usually created for one or more purposes, for example, to gain system understanding, to forecast the future state of the system, and to develop new hypotheses. No...

Vertebrate sickness behaviors, which include lethargy, anorexia, and decreased libido, can facilitate defense against pathogens by conserving energy for use in other immune responses and by limiting parasites' access to nutrients. Such benefits come with considerable costs, however, as lethargy decreases the time available for other fitness-enhancing activities and dampened libido directly redu...

Much research has focused on improving ecosystem models by incorporating microbial regulation of biogeochemistry. However, models still struggle to predict biogeochemical function in future scenarios linked to accelerating global environmental change. Ecological mechanisms may influence the relationship between microbial communities and biogeochemistry, and here, we show that stochastic dispers...

Exploitation of fuel wood in pre-colonial Africa did not affect ecological balance. Carbon generated was sunk into living trees in exchange for oxygen. However, the coming of colonialism, industrial revolution, introduction of scientific or industrial forestry and urbanization has substantially altered the balance between exploitation and forest sustainability. The impact of fuel wood exploitat...

Green infrastructure (GI) and ecosystem services (ES) are promoted as concepts that have potential to improve environmental planning in urban areas based on a more holistic understanding of the complex interrelations and dynamics of social-ecological systems. However, the scientific discourses around both concepts still lack application-oriented frameworks that consider such a holistic perspect...

During the end-Permian ecological crisis, terrestrial ecosystems experienced preferential dieback of woody vegetation. Across the world, surviving herbaceous lycopsids played a pioneering role in repopulating deforested terrain. We document that the microspores of these lycopsids were regularly released in unseparated tetrads indicative of failure to complete the normal process of spore develop...

We elaborate the necessary conceptual and strategic elements for developing an effective adaptive monitoring network to support Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) in a multiuser nature reserve in the Dutch Wadden Sea Region. We discuss quality criteria and enabling actions essential to accomplish and sustain monitoring excellence to support ICM. The Wadden Sea Long-Term Ecosystem Research proj...

Ecological studies in tropical forests have long been plagued by difficulties associated with sampling the crowns of large canopy trees and large inaccessible regions, such as the Amazon basin. Recent advances in remote sensing have overcome some of these obstacles, enabling progress towards tackling difficult ecological problems. Breakthroughs have helped transform the dialog between ecology a...