for determination of economic damage threshold of four wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars in different densities of wild mustard (sinapis arvensis l.), experiments were conducted at agricultural research station gorgan during 2010-2012. the experimental design consisted of four randomized complete blocks in a factorial arrangement. the treatments comprised of factorial combination of wild m...

Do states engage in infrastructure expenditure competition to attract new economic activity? Economic theory is inconclusive on the matter. States might respond to increased infrastructure spending in competitor states by increasing their own infrastructure spending. Conversely, states may decrease spending in the presence of positive spillovers from competitor states’ infrastructure investment...

Do We Underestimate the Benefits of Cultural Competition? Author(s): Bryan Caplan and Tyler Cowen Source: The American Economic Review, Vol. 94, No. 2, Papers and Proceedings of the One Hundred Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association San Diego, CA, January 3-5, 2004 (May, 2004), pp. 402-407 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable...

This paper sketches the implications of the competitive neutrality principle for competition agencies. The discussion is framed in a process perspective (I). The paper opens with a review of the core enforcement scenarios where a State-related firm is defendant (II) or complainant (III) in competition proceedings. It then addresses the situation in which the State is a third party to competitio...

The dissertation argues that EC/EU competition policy, in content, scope, as well as form, has undergone a profound transformation since its enactment in the Treaty of Rome in 1957, and that this transformation needs to be understood against the background of broader ideational and socioeconomic changes in the history of the European integration project. The transformation of what has been iden...

S hould the United States pursue a vigorous antitrust policy? Soon after the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, economists led by John Bates Clark (1901) argued that the enforcement of such laws should be informed by the prevailing economic theory on the merits of competition and the extent to which firms’ conduct can enhance or weaken competition. However, economic theory since then...

The explosive growth in mobile broadband traffic, driven by smart phones and tablets that significantly increase traffic per subscriber, has accentuated the spectrum shortage for Commercial Mobile Radio Services (CMRS). The spectrum shortage is driving up the costs of deploying competitive 4G mobile broadband networks and is fueling pressure for industry consolidation, and thus poses a threat t...