nowadays, efficient goods distribution in target markets is one of the most important challenges of marketing managers and goods producers. distribution of goods and services has a significant contribution in gross domestic product (gdp) of countries. so an efficient distribution network can support constant economic development of countries and reduces end-user price of products. identifying a...

Now that some of the historic barriers to economic success for U.S. women and minorities have begun to fall, women and blacks, in particular, are moving upward on the nation's socioeconomic ladder. Melissa Kearney reviews evidence that improved economic opportunities for these two groups make sex and race less important than they once were in determining economic status. But sex- and race-based...

Strategic interaction parameters characterize the impact of actions of one economic agent on the payoff of another economic agent. In this paper we study how the information available to economic agents regarding other economic agents can influence the ability of an econometrician to recover strategic information parameters from the observed actions. We consider two extreme cases: the complete ...

We study empirically and analytically growth and fluctuation of firm size distribution. An empirical analysis is carried out on a US data set on firm size, with emphasis on one-time distribution as well as growth-rate probability distribution. Both Pareto’s law and Gibrat’s law are often used to study firm size distribution. Their theoretical relationship is discussed, and it is shown how they ...

Introduction: Corrosion and scaling of water in distribution systems in spite of imposing economic and aesthetic problems can lead to adverse effects on consumers' health. The present study was conducted to evaluate the corrosion and scaling of water distribution system of Sarableh city (Ilam, Iran) during summer and winter seasons in 2014. Materials and methods: Totally, 60 samples of wate...

The progression towards smart grids, integrating renewable energy resources, has increased the integration of distributed generators (DGs) into power distribution networks. However, several economic and technical challenges can result from the unsuitable incorporation of DGs in existing distribution networks. Therefore, optimal placement and sizing of DGs are of paramount importance to improve ...

This paper develops the empirical and theoretical case that differences in economic institutions are the fundamental cause of differences in economic development. We first document the empirical importance of institutions by focusing on two "quasi-natural experiments" in history, the division of Korea into two parts with very different economic institutions and the colonization of much of the w...

the systematics, morphology, distribution, biology, economic importance and conservation of the bull shark ( carcharhinus leucas ) in iran are described, the species is illustrated, and a bibliography on this fish in iran is provided.