This paper explores the relationship between globalization, competition, competition policy and competitiveness. It is important to note that although these notions are related, they are conceptually different. This paper contributes by providing a theoretical framework for the main issues which arise in the modern discussion of competition and competition policies in economic development. It a...

this study deals with a two-level supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. we consider an integrated production inventory system where the manufacturer processes raw materials in order to deliver finished product with imperfect quality to the retailer, where number of defective product has a uniform distribution. the retailer receives product and conducts a 100% inspection....

this article strive to examine and explaine national sources of the foreign policy of the islamic republic of iran. cultural, historical, geographic, ideological, social, and economic variables, as societal sources, will lead to the continuation of some behaviours in iran’s foreign policy. the author argues that to better understand iran’s foreign policy, one must pay attention to the above var...

On using monetary policy for macro-economic regulation, after the 1930s Great Depression when effective demand insufficiency emerges, Keynesianism proposes that proactive fiscal and easy monetary policies shall be introduced. His proposal is later adopted in Roosevelt’s New Deal, which greatly help USA climb out of economy recession and achieve prosperity over 20 years. After sub-prime mortgage...

Monetary policy as a tool for expectations management is believed to be most effective if it can coordinate the beliefs and expectations of the economic agents. The optimal communication policy is in an environment where central bank announcements are common knowledge and abundant information is complete transparency. The above conclusion is altered in the more realistic situation where economi...

The aim of this article is to investigate the dynamic correlation between the Global Economic Policy Uncertainty index (GEPU) and Non-Performing Loans (NPL) in Iran. The relationship between economic uncertainty and banking performance indices is significant because of the systemic importance of banks in every economy. We evaluated this relationship in this developing country, especially under ...

The current role of economic appraisal in health policy and medical practice is outlined, emphasizing the pharmaceutical sector where developments are most marked. General health policy in the Netherlands and pharmaceutical policy in Australia are presented as examples of how economic appraisal may diffuse further as a decision-support tool for health authorities. This can be promoted by studyi...