INTRODUCTION Economic evaluations are becoming increasingly important due to limitations in economic resources, the expense of many new treatments, the need to allocate health spending as effectively as possible, and the need to inform decision makers. Based on the data from the apixaban studies (ARISTOTLE and AVERROES), several economic evaluations have been performed in various countries to d...

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a well-known onion pest worldwide. Onion thrips cause both direct and indirect damage to onion by feeding and ovipositing on leaves that may cause green onions (scallions) to be unmarketable and dry bulb onion size to be reduced. Onion thrips can also transmit several plant pathogens that reduce onion bulb size and quality. One ...

Public health agencies around the world have renewed efforts to increase the incidence and duration of breastfeeding. Maternity leave mandates present an economic policy that could help achieve these goals. We study their efficacy, focusing on a significant increase in maternity leave mandates in Canada. We find very large increases in mothers' time away from work post-birth and in the attainme...

In 1987-2001 unemployment and inßation have the opposite inßuences on the popularities of Finnish and Swedish leftist and rightist parties. The popularities of the Finnish right-wing (left-wing) parties decrease (increase) when unemployment and inßation increase but in Sweden the opposite happens although the countries experience simultaneously an economic crisis. Fitting a threshold model in t...

Trimax is a new insecticide from Bayer CropScience specifically for use on cotton for control of major sucking/piercing insects in cotton. In addition, significant yield enhancement benefits have been observed even in situations without economic insect thresholds. However, information is lacking on how Trimax affects plant growth and thereby enhances yield. The current study was designed to und...

OBJECTIVES To provide the practicing surgeon with data to make an informed economic decision regarding conversion from analog to digital photography. METHODS A cost analysis of photography based on 35-mm vs digital platforms (low-, medium-, and high-cost hardware). RESULTS Break-even thresholds for the investment in a digital platform of low, medium, and high costs were 3674, 15,789, and 34...

This paper studies various aspects of the optimal design of economic organizations in the context of a project selection model, where decisions are made by fallible managers regarding the adoption or rejection of investment projects. I analyze the role of marginal decision costs, and establish that the sequentia l decision architecture is a pair of probability thresholds, and a corresponding pa...

This paper uses a methodology based in fuzzy sets theory in order to describe the interaction between the prey, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) the soybean aphid, and its predator, Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and to propose a chemical control for soybean aphid. Economic thresholds were already developed for this pest. The model includes biotic (predator) and abiotic (temper...

The formulation of a poverty measure requires decisions about several issues in addition to the concept and method by which to set and update the thresholds and the appropriate definition of family resources. In this chapter we address three such issues: the time period over which poverty is measured; the unit of analysis on which the measurement occurs (e.g., family or household) and the relat...

In 1992 yet another attempt was begun to revise the measure, with a view to either replacing it or supplementing it with other indicators of destitution in the nation. With the support of the Bush administration, a panel was selected by the National Academy of Sciences to review the official measure.' The mandate of the panel is to examine most of the issues underlying the setting of poverty th...