A two-scale model based on a database approach is presented to investigate alloy solidification. Appropriate assumptions are introduced to describe the behavior of macroscopic temperature, macroscopic concentration, liquid volume fraction and microstructure features. These assumptions lead to a macroscale model with two unknown functions: liquid volume fraction and microstructure features. Thes...

Optimal risk-based levee designs are usually developed for economic efficiency. However, in river systems with multiple levees, the planning and maintenance of different levees are controlled by different agencies or groups. For example, along many rivers, levees on opposite riverbanks constitute a simple leveed river system with each levee designed and controlled separately. Collaborative plan...

The enormous colored effluent discharges due to increased usage of synthetic dyes in textile and other chemical industries pollute both freshwater marine reservoirs cause ecotoxicity serious health problems. This issue needs be addressed skillfully demands an ecofriendly economically feasible technique. Pertaining this, the current study was focused on use a white rot fungus, Resinicium bicolor...

Gasification technology has been investigated to effectively and economically convert lowvalue and highly distributed solid biomass to a uniform gaseous mixture mainly including hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This gaseous mixture can be further used as an industrial feedstock for heat and power generation, H2 production and synthesis of liquid fuels...

The partial hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene is an economically interesting and technically challenging reaction. Over the last four decades, a lot of work has been dedicated to the development of an exploitable process and several approaches have been investigated. However, environmental constraints often represent a limit to their industrial application, making further research in this...

The fabrication of true three-dimensional (3D) microstructures both rapidly and economically over a large area with negligible defects is attractive for a wide range of applications. In particular, multi-beam interference lithography is one of the promising techniques that can mass-produce polymeric 3D photonic crystals defectfree over a large area. This review discusses the relationship betwee...

“ eutral” electronic marketplaces fail because their structure and mode of operation does not allow for the effective accommodation of multiple business models that could serve the interests of a critical mass of adopters. We propose a fresh approach for the creation of economically viable “neutral” electronic marketplaces showing that this can be accomplished through the ability to transcend t...

We investigate the pricing discount for limited liquidity. Unlike previous studies that have examined the relation between historical returns and liquidity, ours looks directly at current stock prices. This approach requires less data and yields up-todate information about limited liquidity discounts. We analyze data from the Swiss exchange and the Nasdaq during 1995–2001, and find a statistica...