Purpose The purpose of this paper is to undertake a cross-comparative inquiry into Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) related governance, initiatives and practices in initial teacher education (ITE) across four countries with very different contexts – Sweden, Scotland, Canada Australia. It provides insights issues arising internationally, implications ESD ITE offers learnings other con...

<p style="text-align: justify;">Education for sustainable development (ESD) refers to education on the values and behaviors necessary a future society where everyone receives high-quality benefits. In era of fourth industrial revolution, convergence thinking is emphasized as method ESD. Therefore, this study aims derive model developing open subjects The idea was derived by combining proc...