This paper presents results that demonstrate the auroral modeling capabilities of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) SAMM2 (SHARC And MODTRAN Merged 2) radiance code. A scene generation capability is obtained by coupling SAMM2 with a recently developed Clutter Region Atmosphere and Scene Module (CRASMO), which provides an approach for rapid generation of time sequences and images of radia...

A least squares regression method is formulated for obtaining global temperature and geopotential height profiles from satellite radiation measurements, particularly those obtained by the Satellite Infra-Red Spectrometer (SIRS) aboard the Nimbus 3 satellite launched Apr. 14, 1969. Regression equations relating temperature and geopotential height to spectral radiance observations are derived. A ...

The diffuse sky radiation component in the ultraviolet wavelengths is often at least 50% of the global irradiance under clear skies, and is the dominant component of ultraviolet global radiation under translucent overcast skies. The distribution of sky radiance was measured in a rural area and modeled for wavelength bands of ultraviolet-B (UVB, 280-320 nm) and ultraviolet-A (UVA, 320-400 nm). S...

The on-orbit radiometric response calibration of the VISible/Near InfraRed (VISNIR) and the Short-Wave InfraRed (SWIR) bands of the Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite is carried out through a Solar Diffuser (SD). The transmittance of the SD screen and the SD’s Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF...

Infrared radiances from water become partially polarized at oblique viewing angles through both emission and reflection. I describe computer simulations that show how the state of polarization for water varies with environmental conditions over a wavelength range of 3-15 microm with 0.05-microm resolution. Polarization at wavelengths longer than approximately 4 microm generally is negative (p, ...

The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory will be a climate benchmarking mission intended to include instruments for measuring Earth’s atmospheric refractivity by GNSS radio occultation (RO), high spectral resolution thermal infrared spectra emitted from the Earth, and the spectrally resolved reflected shortwave spectrum. Climate benchmarking is necessary to establish a record ...

Water-leaving radiance with a strong spectral peak at about 705 nm has been noted as a signature of dense surface phytoplankton in bloom conditions. In shallow water, a peak near this wavelength can also indicate the presence of benthic vegetation. MERIS on Envisat provides a band at 709 nm which can be used to detect this signature. We present images and spectra derived from MERIS image data o...

Abstract Downwelling longwave radiation is an important part of the surface energy budget. Spectral trends in downwelling radiance (DLR) provide insight into radiative drivers climate change. In this research, we process and analyze a 23‐year DLR record measured by Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) at U.S. Department Energy Radiation Program Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. Tw...