Far-infrared [C II] 158-μm, [O I] 145-μm and [O I] 63-μm fine structure emission-line fluxes were measured from archival Infrared Space Observatory Long Wavelength Spectrometer spectra of 46 extragalactic sources, with 28 sources providing detections in all three lines. For 12 of the sources, the contribution to the [C II] 158-μm line flux from H II regions could be estimated from their detecte...

All-optical signal processing is the focus of much research aiming to obtain effective alternatives to existing data transmission platforms. Amplification of light in fiber optics, such as in Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, is especially important for efficient signal transmission. However, the complex fabrication methods involving high-temperature processes performed in a highly pure environmen...

The compact measurement system for absolute density of oxygen ~O! atom has been developed, which employs a vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy ~VUVAS! technique with a high-pressure microdischarge hollow cathode lamp ~MHCL! as a light source. The influences of self-absorption, emission line profile of the MHCL, and background absorption of oxygen molecule (O2) on the determination of abs...

UNLABELLED We evaluated the effects on the absorbed dose to thyroid follicular cells of self-absorption of (131)I radiation (specifically, beta-rays) in the follicular colloid. METHODS Thyroid follicles were modeled as colloid-filled spheres, containing a uniform concentration of (131)I and surrounded by a concentric monolayer of cells. Assuming close packing of identical follicles, we used M...

It is my privilege as President of the American College of Chest Physicians to greet you tonight and commend you for the splendid achievements of the Missouri Chapter of the College. Furthermore, I am grateful for the opportunity of being with you-my personal friends-at this dinner culminating a day of scientific discussion. I will discuss most briefly some of the indeterminate factors I consid...

Most people are generous, but not toward everyone alike: generosity usually declines with social distance between individuals, a phenomenon called social discounting. Despite the pervasiveness of social discounting, social distance between actors has been surprisingly neglected in economic theory and neuroscientific research. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the neu...

Continuous-flow cold vapour- atomic fluorescence spectrometry is shown to be an extremely sensitive technique for the determination of mercury with detection limits typically below 0.01 mug l(-1). Linear calibration ranges were found to be at least four orders of magnitude (i.e. up to 0.1 mg l(-1)). Samples with concentrations exceeding the linear range are susceptible to self-absorption, and m...

1. Philosophical Background People sometimes behave in ways that benefit others, and they sometimes do this while knowing that their helpful behavior will be costly, unpleasant, or dangerous. But at least since Plato’s classic discussion in the second book of the Republic, debate has raged over why people behave in these ways. Are their motives altruistic, or is their behavior ultimately motiva...

The re-publishing of George Santayana's two most significant works on America and American culture in Rethinking the Western Tradition series makes a great deal of sense. Santayana (1863–1952), philosopher, best-selling author, poet, man of letters, and humanist, in his numerous books provided us not only with a system of philosophy but also with a profound criticism of Western culture. As a Sp...

The maintenance/strength of self is a very core concept in Western psychology and is particularly relevant to egoism, a process that draws on the hedonic principle in pursuit of desires. Contrary to this and based on Buddhism, a nonself-cultivating process aims to minimize or extinguish the self and avoid desires, leading to egolessness or selflessness. The purpose of this paper is to present t...