In the Captaincy of Pernambuco, in Portuguese America, sugar cane mill lords andsugar farmers managed throughout seventeenth and eighteenth centuriesto secure successive extensions a privilege guaranteeing that their prop-erty would not be confiscated as payment for debt. To understand how this privilegehelped preserve patrimony local nobility sugar-based economy Per-nambuco, origins debates su...

moreover, inscribed bricks of two elamite kings, šutruk-nahhunte and his son, kutir-nahhunte, were also found that all of them referring to construction and repairs of a temple devoted to the manzat goddess. in 2000, surface surveys on deh nou mound was done by by one of us (b. mofidi). according to the results of these surveys and geophysical measurements which were accomplished in parts of th...

Abstract While ceremonial progresses and civic entries have been understood primarily through the lens of urban–royal relationships, they were also occasions for political engagement rural elite. A case study homages performed by southern French lords to King Charles VI shows that landed aristocracy was integral royal agenda. It offers an innovative spatial approach analysing their agency in th...

Abstract Focusing on the largely unpublished ‘city accounts’ (‘Stadsrekeningen’) of Bruges, this article examines city's giving prestigious Baltic beeswax to their lords, Valois and (later) Habsburg dukes Burgundy. It sheds new light urban government by analysing how civic leaders across north-western Europe used apiary product manage often fraught relationships with rulers reinforce identities...